Dna Timeline Project

DNA Timeline Project

Josh Transtrum & Kayden Maxwell

20 Historical Events

Friedrich Miescher

• 1831-1882: Crimean War in Europe

• 1950: World's first successful kidney transplant

Oswald Avery, Colin MacCleod, and Maclyn McCarty

Miescher isolated (discovered) what we now call nucleic acids from the nuclei of his sample cells. This laid the path for DNA to be identified as what carries or transfers genetic information from parents to offspring.

• 1865: Civil War begins

• 1951: Peace Treaty signed by Japan and the Allies

• 1869: Women's Suffrage begins

DNA carries genetic material. They discovered this by experimenting with Bacterial Transformation.

• 1952: King George VI of England dies

• 1902: Teddy Roosevelt takes office

1869

Did not receive a Nobel Prize

(wasn't even created yet)

• 1913: Mexican Revolution

Nucleic Acids make up DNA

No Nobel Prize

• 1953: Eisenhower takes office

1944

• 1920's: Industrialization, Women's Rites

• 1960: Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty is signed by US and Soviet Union

• 1939-1945: WWII

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Charles Darwin

Hermann Muller

• 1941: Atomic Bomb research begins

• 1962: Soviet missile bases detected in Cuba

• 1942: Holocaust begins

Morgan established the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, as well as Sex Linkage in chromosomes.

George Beadle and

Edward Tatum

Charles Darwin concluded that all living things come from a common ancestor. He also realized that through adaptations, evolutions, and selective breeding, differentiations among organisms have increased over time.

Discovered that X-Rays can cause gene mutations, and that the mutations in one gene, can affect the expression of another gene.

• 1970: Barcode technology introduced

• 1944: D-Day invasion

• 1971: CAT scanning created

Demonstrated how genes regulate the synthesis of enzymes, and how those enzymes contribute to metabolic processes.

1831-1888

• 1971: NASA satellite sends pictures of mars

He was awarded these 3 medals:

Royal Medal 1853

Wollaston Medal 1859

Copley Medal 1864

Did not receive a Nobel Prize

(wasn't even created yet)

He won a Nobel Prize in 1933

Won Nobel Prize in 1958

Darwin wrote The Origin of Species in 1859

No Nobel Prize

1904-1920

1941

1920's

• 1972: End of Vietnam War

Mathew Meleson and Franklin Stahl

1955

Their experiments concluded that DNA replication is a semi-conservative process. This means that each of the newly copied strands of DNA is paired with a strand from the original DNA sample.

1904

1913

1928

1930

1943

1958

1865

No Nobel Prize

1958

1800

1869

1925

1965

1953

1952

1944

1941

1902

1831

Watson and Crick

Arthur Kornberg

Nirenburg, Khorana, Ochoa

1960's

He discovered the proteins and enzymes involved in the synthesis of DNA

Discovered the double helix structure of DNA

2000

"Cracked the genetic code" Genetic code is basically universal (with few exceptions) to all life on earth. Ochoa synthesized Rna

Won Nobel Prize in 1959

Nirenberg, Khorana, and Holley share Nobel Prize in 1968

Ohoa wins Nobel Prize in 1959

1962-1970

Won Nobel Prize in 1962

1950's

Alfred Sturtevant

Francis Crick

Barbara McClintock

Gregor Mendel

Walter Sutton

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins

Structure of DNA- used X-rays to determine the shape and structure. Central Dogma- genetic information is passed on and flows from "Dna to Rna to Proteins."

Contributed to the structure of DNA with optical spectroscopy

Sutton identified chromosomes as being the carries of genetic information. He also concluded that the chromosomes follow the Mendelian Laws of Inheritance.

Gregor Mendel was a German Monk who experimented with pea plants. He is known as "The Father of Genetics" because of his experiments. He bred pea plants and observed the characteristics of the offspring and the parents. He discovered the rules of Codominance and Incomplete Dominance.

Studied chromosomal size during reproduction, she also discovered that chromosomes control the presence of physical characteristics in organisms.

Won Nobel Prize with James Watson in 1953

Won Nobel Prize in 1962

Created the first genetic map of the chromosome. He used this discovery to measure the embryonic distance between organs.

1951-1953

1953

Won Nobel Prize in 1983

1920-1950

Did not receive a Nobel Prize

(wasn't even created yet)

Did not receive a Nobel Prize

1865

1913

No Nobel Prize

1902'ish

Delbruck and Lauria

Frederick Griffith

Proved Darwin's theory of natural selection, referring to mutations, is applicable to simple organisms like bacteria, as well as multicellular complex organisms

Conducted the first accepted experiment of the transformation of bacterial DNA

Won Nobel Prize in 1969

1943

No Nobel Prize

1928

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

Erwin Chargaff

Conducted experiments that proved that DNA is genetic material (hereditary material)

Developed two rules:

1) C and G units are equal in DNA, as are A and T units

2) the proportions of C and G compared to A and T differentiates between species.

No Nobel Prize

Won Nobel Prize in 1969

1952

1952