Life Cycle of Space

Life Cycle of Space

By Eric Johnson

Planetary Nebula

Giant Star

A planetary nebula is a kind of emission nebula consisting of an expanding glowing shell of ionized gas ejected from old red giant stars late in their lives. at the end of the star's life, during the red giant phase, the outer layers of the star are expelled via pulsations and strong stellar winds. The exposed hot, luminous core emits ultraviolet radiation that ionizes the ejected outer layers of the star.[2] This energized shell of nebulous gas reradiates the absorbed ultraviolet energy at visible frequencies and appears as a planetary nebula.

A giant star is a star with substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature.Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the sun and luminosities between 10 and a few thousand times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as super giants and hyper giants.

White Dwarf

A white dwarf is a stellar remnant composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter. They are very dense; a white dwarf's mass is comparable to that of the Sun.The gravity on the surface of a white dwarf is 350,000 times that of gravity on Earth.

Low mass main sequence

Nova

A Low mass star uses up its fuel very slowly. Which means that low mass stars tend to live longer. it can live up to about 200 billion years old.

A nova is a cataclysmic nuclear explosion in a white dwarf, which causes a sudden brightening of the star. Novae are not to be confused with other brightening phenomena such as supernovae or luminous red novae. A nova is caused by the accretion of hydrogen on to the surface of the star, which ignites and starts nuclear fusion in a runaway manner.

Brown Dwarf

A brown dwarf is a "wanna be".Brown dwarfs are objects which have a size between that of a giant planet like Jupiter and that of a small star. they are like a planet and a star at the same time. Brown dwarfs are very dim and very cool.

NEBULA

A Nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases. A nebula created the first signs of life of a star

Nuclear Fusion

Protostar

Nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei collide at a very high speed and join to form a new type of atomic nucleus. During this process, mass is not conserved because some of the mass of the fusing nuclei is converted to photons (energy).

A Protostar is the earliest stage of a star. A protostar is the birth of a star. They are stars that are starting out in their life as a star.

Pulsar

Black Hole

A pulsar is a highly magnetized, rotating neutron star that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation. This radiation can only be observed when the beam of emission is pointing toward the Earth, much the way a lighthouse can only be seen when the light is pointed in the direction of an observer, and is responsible for the pulsed appearance of emission.

A black hole is a region of space time from which gravity prevents anything, including light, from escaping. The gravity of the black hole is so strong that it sucks in stars and planets.

Supernova

Neutron Star

SUPER GIANT

High mass main sequence

Whenever there is a super giant that means that it is about to die. Super Giants are massive. They are about 100,000,000 times larger than he sun!

A supernova is a stellar explosion that is more energetic than a nova. Supernovae are extremely luminous and cause a burst of radiation that often briefly outshines an entire galaxy, before fading from view over several weeks or months. During this interval a supernova can radiate as much energy as the Sun is expected to emit over its entire life span.

A neutron star is a type of stellar remnant that can result from the gravitational collapse of a massive star during a Type II, Type Ib or Type Ic supernova event. Neutron stars are the densest and tiniest stars known to exist in the universe; although having only the diameter of about 10 km (6 mi), they may have a mass of several times that of the Sun. Neutron stars are the end points of stars whose mass after nuclear burning is greater than the Chandrasekhar limit for white dwarfs, but whose mass is not great enough to overcome the neutron degeneracy pressure to become black holes.

A high mass main sequence star uses up its fuel fast. These stars are denser than our earth and sun. High mass stars live about 10 million years, which is way shorter than low mass stars.