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Nelson Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election.
Harriet Tubman was an American abolitionist and political activist. She was born a slave but escaped. After having escaped to the Philidelphia, a city in the North of the United States where Slavery did not exist, she put her life and freedom in danger again by returning to the slave state of Maryland to rescue here family others.
She used the underground railroad which was a network of secret routes and safe houses. African Americans could be safe here with the help of abolitionists (people who wanted to end slavery).
Apartheid or "separateness" was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. Apartheid was characterized by an authoritarian political culture based on baasskap (or white supremacy), which encouraged state repression of Black African, Coloured, and Asian South Africans for the benefit of the nation's minority white population.
She avoided cops, dogs, mobs, bounty hunters, and slave catchers. She and her escapees slept in swamps and moved only at night. Once with her on the Railroad, she threatened to kill anyone who lost their nerve to escape. She even once had to drug a baby. She once told a man"You go on or die." Known as the "black ghost," the bounty on her head was at least $12,000, equal to around $330,000 today.
"I freed a thousand slaves I could have freed a thousand more if only they knew they were slaves."
Nelson Mandela spent nearly 70 years of his life advocating for the rights of minorities in South Africa. He wanted to establish a free and non-racist society in the country, and inspire people all over the world. He was against discrimination, injustice and inequality; and he fought with stubborn resolve.
When India was ruled by the British, Ghandi fought against the opression. He was the first to start a revolution peacefully. Gandhi also fought for much more than independence. His causes included civil rights for women, the abolition of the caste system, and the fair treatment of all people regardless of religion.
The Wright Brothers were Engineers and inventors. They invented and built the world's first successful airplane.
*They started their careers in printing but in the 1890's the bicycling craze hit America and they opened a shop repairing bicycles and became excellent mechanics. The Wright Cycle Company was a financial success but neither brother was particularly interested in money they saw it as a 'means to an end'.
“When I despair, I remember that all through history the way of truth and love have always won. There have been tyrants and murderers, and for a time, they can seem invincible, but in the end, they always fall. Think of it--always.” - Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhi's activism started in South Africa. Having a hard time finding work as a lawyer in India, Gandhi traveled to South Africa in 1893, where he was given legal work through an Indian firm. It was there that he and his fellow Indians encountered constant discrimination by the Dutch and the British, which in turn, inspired him to fight for their rights. During his time in South Africa, where he was imprisoned many times, he developed his concept of peaceful resistance and "satyagraha" (firmness in truth).
Gandhi wrote a letter to Hitler, addressing him as "Dear Friend," and beseeched him to stop the war. Hitler never wrote back.
Orville and Wilbur decided that a pilot might balance an aircraft in the air, just as a cyclist balances his bicycle on the road.
They used their money and their bicycle premises to start building gliders. Wilbur realized that gliders lacked suitable controls
The brother's started working on the first airplane in around 1890, but did not have their first successful flight until 1903.