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Transcript

What are Solvents?

  • Solvents are the larger part of a solution.
  • A solvent is the part of a solution in which the solutes dissolve.
  • An example of a solute would be the water in the sugar and water experiment that we did yesterday.

How do we classify Matter?

  • To classify matter, we can make a chart to show how many categories of matter exist.

Solutions

What are Solutes?

What are Solutions?

  • A solution can also be called a homogenous mixture
  • A solution or homogenous mixture is a mixture that looks like a single pure substance.
  • This means that a solution is a uniform mixture of two or more pure substances.
  • An example of a solution is tea.
  • Tea is made up of water, sugar, and flavour particles
  • A solute is the smaller part of a solution
  • A solute is the part of a solution that dissolves in the solvent.
  • An example of a solute would be the sugar in the sugar and water experiment that we did yesterday.

Mechanical Mixtures

Definition of the Day

Dissolves:

  • What does it mean for something to dissolve?
  • The definition of dissolve is to mix one type of matter into another type of matter to form a solution

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Solutes and Solvents

What are Mechanical Mixtures?

  • A mechanical mixture can also be called a heterogeneous Mixture.
  • A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture with different parts that you can see,
  • An example of a mechanical mixture is a chewy bar.

Particles in Mechanical Mixtures and Solutions

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What do particles and mixtures look like in solutions?

  • In a solution:
  • In a solution, particles are mixed together evenly.
  • The individual particles in this mixture are so small that when you look at it, it just looks like one kind of matter. But that is not the case.
  • In a Mixture:
  • In a mixture, the particles are not mixed evenly. There are different kind of particles in this mixture so they stay together in group and are distributed unevenly.
  • This is why we can see the particles in mechanical mixtures.

Mechanical Mixtures and Solutions, Solutes and Solvents, and Dissolving and The Particle Theory

The Different Types of Solutions

  • There are many different types of solutions. There are:
  • Liquid Solutions
  • Solid solutions
  • Gas solutions

Gas Solutions

Liquid solutions

  • The air that we breathe is about 78% nitrogen gas, and 21% oxygen gas, and has 1% argon gas along with other smaller amounts of gases like carbon dioxide.
  • This means that air is therefore a solution that is a gas.

Lesson 2

  • Most solutions that you are accustomed to are liquid solutions.
  • Examples: Juice, cleaning supplies, hot chocolate, tea, paint, and many more.
  • All liquid solutions contain liquid solvents.
  • The most common liquid solvent in the world is...
  • WATER!
  • The solutes that may dissolve in liquids can be other liquids, solids, or gases.

Solid Solutions

Water Pollution

Water as a Solvent

  • Water is known as the universal solvent.
  • The water from a tap loks and tastes like pure water but it is actually a solution that contains many solutes.
  • What is in water?
  • Iron, aluminum, salt, fluorine, calcium and magnesium and chlorine.
  • Water is also in your body
  • Did you know that you are made up of 70% water.
  • 70% of the earth's surface is also made up of water.
  • Water can dissolve pollutants too.
  • What is pollution?
  • Pollution is contaminants in the environment that could harm living things.
  • What Causes Pollution?
  • Things like pesticides and and fertilizers from farms
  • Waste from mining.
  • Industrial waste
  • Not all solutions are liquids. Solutions can also be solids too.
  • In a solid solution, both the solvent and the solute are solids.
  • An example of this would be gold. When something is 14 Karat gold, it is not pure gold because pure gold is 24 Karats. That means that 14 karat gold is made up of 14 parts gold and 10 parts other metals (generally silver or copper)

Definitions

  • What is a soluble?
  • A soluble is something that are able to dissolve in a specified solvent.
  • What is an insoluble?
  • An insoluble is something that is unable to dissolve in a specified solvent

Dissolving and the Particle Theory

Concentrated Solutions

Concentration and Solubility

  • When things dissolve, we can apply the particle theory of matter to the the solution.

what is a concentrated solution?

  • A concentrated solution is a solution with a large number of solute particle in a given volume of solution

What is a dilute solution?

  • A dilute solution is a solution with a small number of particles i a given volume of solution.

What do these look like?

Calculating Concentration

  • What is concentration?
  • Concentration is the amount of solute present in an amount of solution.
  • The equation for concentration is as follows

what are saturated Solutions?

  • Saturated solutions are solutions in which no more solutes can be dissolved.

What are unsaturated solutions?

  • An unsaturated solution is a solution which more solute can be dissolved.

Solubility

What is solubility?

  • Solubility is a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a certain solvent to form a saturated solution at a particular temperature and volume.
  • There is an equation for solubility.
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