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"Anen" Chant
Music
War songs
Hunting Songs
The Aguaruna
light-hearted drinking songs
A source of power
Verb Conjugation
IN ENGLISH THERE ARE
TWO MAIN CATEGORIES
2. Stem vowel shifts (sing, sang, sung)
1. Endings added to the stem of the root word (dance, danced, dancing)
ex. of /a/:
Four main stems:
há
IN AGUARUNA, MOST VERBS CONJUGATE LIKE THE FIRST CATEGORY
"die"
ha-ká
"died"
capsize
- Rise and fall, depending on the accent location
vs
- "one accent per word"
collapse
- one syllable carries the accent; higher pitch than the rest of the word
Vocal Pitch
há-a
"was dying"
- mostly single family homes
- resisted Incan subjugation
- famous for shrunken heads
- part of Jivaro language family
Background Information
- men hunt while women grow crops and gather fruits
- most practice monogamy, but about 15% are polygamous
- 44,000 speakers
Culture
Hallucinogens
Music
Summary
Modern Day
Problems
Land Grabbing
High Suicide Rate
Language
Pitch Accents
Verb Conjugation
Given to newborns
"tsentsama"
"maikua"
Used for disciplinary purposes
Hallucinogens
Warriors ingest hallucinogens to see "ajutap"
Cultivated to "actively seek knowledge"
Bibliography
Brown, M. F. (1981). Magic and Meaning in the Aguaruna Jivaro of Peru. Ann Arbor, Australia: University Microfilms International.
Brown, M. F. (1984). The role of words in Aguaruna hunting magic. American Ethnologist, 11(2), 545-558.
Brown, M. F. (1986). Power, gender, and the social meaning of Aguaruna suicide. Man, 32(2), 311-328.
Carvo, E. B. (Ed.). (2008). Awajun nampag (2nd ed.). Colectivo Aents.
Cremer, J. (2011, March 31). Urukusa baby [Photograph]. Retrieved from
http://www.flickr.com/photos/27692965@N02/5578356049/in/set-72157626278345809/
Greene, S., & Greene, M. J. (2002). Settlers clash with Aguaruna in Peru’s amazon. Cultural Survival Quarterly, 26(2), 72.
Grover, J. I973. Aguaruna suicides (Informaci6n de Campo, No. i5a). Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics. Microfiche
Grupo Nampag [Photograph]. (2011, June 19). Retrieved from
http://www.jorgeosterling.com/photos.jorgeosterling2/albums/10001/normal_Alto_Maranon_Culturales_Andres18.jpg
Harner, M. J. (1972). The Jivaro: People of the sacred waterfalls (2nd ed.). Garden City, NY: Anchor Books.
[Map of South America]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://celendinlibre.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/mapa2bmaranon1.png
[Man playing flute]. (2011, June 19). Retrieved from
http://www.jorgeosterling.com/photos.jorgeosterling2/albums/10001/ normal_Alto_Maranon_Culturales_Andres04.jpg
Meyer, B. (2009, June 9). Amazon indians fight Peru government over land.
Overall, S. E. (2007). A grammar of Aguaruna. PhD dissertation, La Trobe University, Australia.
Siverts, H. (1972). Tribal survival in the Alto Maranon: The Aguaruna case. Copenhagen, Denmark: IWGIA
MODERN DAY
PROBLEMS
- Land grabbing by both settlers and Peruvian gvmnt
2002 - Aguaruna attack illegal colonists
2007 - Protest ends with 30 Aguaruna dead
- High rate of suicide among young women
Due to changing and unbalanced gender roles