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Results

1. Analyzed the top-generated gestures, and the very infrequent gestures

2. Analyzed for cultural differences - conducted 3 primary analyses

  • On visual inspection, did a pattern of responses emerge?

3. Analyzed for Novice vs Exerience differences - 2 analyses

  • On visual inspection, did a pattern of responses emerge?

Discussion

A cross-cultural gesture set

Accept / Verify

Continuous scroll down

Back

Close folder

Sorting Gestures

Spread

Swipe up

Checkmark

Swipe Object

Check mark on object

Swipe right anywhere

Tap object

Swipe up repeatedly anywhere

Swipe right

Curve or circle CW

Swipe right

Curve or Circle CCW

Forward

Copy

Cut

Delete

Curve around object

Curve or circle CW

Gesture Research

Belgium * Chile * China * Finland

France * Germany * India * Italy

Spain * Sweden * UK * USA

X on Object

Swipe object

Dan Mauney

Sylvia Le Hong

X on object

Swipe left anywhere

Sim press & hold & swipe

Menu:

Press & hold object

Shortcut:

Flick object

Menu:

Press & hold object

Shortcut:

Letter C anywhere

Drag object to neutral space

Letter/word other than X

Check Mark

Letter/word other than X

Home

Help

Magnify

Minimize

Tap multiple objects simult.

Swipe object

Tap object sequentially

Discussion

Results

Data Analysis

Method

Introduction

Gestures are used in an ever increasing number of products

Question mark anywhere

Spread from object

Swipe diagonal

Goal

Have 40 participants in each of 9 countries to create gestures for 28 actions

Menu:

Press & hold anywhere

Shortcut:

Tap anywhere with 3 fingers

2. Analyzed for cultural differences - conducted 3 primary analyses

  • Did one country use a particular gesture more than another?
  • -->For the top 38 gestures (used by more than 40 people), there was no significant difference across country in their use of those gestures

  • Did one country use a particular gesture type (direct manipulation vs symbolic) more than another?
  • -->Country was significant at the p<0.001 level

1. Most of the variability in participant responses was not based on culture

  • China's use of symbolic gestures was the primary exception to this finding
  • Good news for designers of global products

2. Back, Forward, Scroll Up, and Scroll Down exhibited the largest pattern of differences

that is most likely due to experience with finger-driven touchscreen interfaces

  • Few other differences found between Novices and Experienced participants

3. When a gesture to elicit an action was not immediately identifyable, participants

generally wanted to tap on the screen to bring up a menu

4. For actions with no clear top gesture other than tap, a detailed examination of this dataset would be a strong first step toward identifying an appropriate gesture.

  • One pattern we noticed when examining these ourselves is that participants often used the first letter of the action or drew the familiar windows icon when trying to create a shortcut

1. Analyzed the top-generated gestures, and the very infrequent gestures

  • Sorted gestures created for each action by frequency and statistically determined the top-generated gesture(s) and the very infrequent gestures

2. Analyzed for cultural differences - conducted 3 primary analyses

  • Did one country use a particular gesture more than another?
  • Did one country use a particular gesture type (direct manipulation vs symbolic) more than another?
  • On visual inspection, did a pattern of responses emerge?

3. Analyzed for Novice vs Experience differences - 2 analyses

  • Computed agreement scores for Novices and Experienced participants
  • On visual inspection, did a pattern of responses emerge?

Question mark

Swipe

Letter/word other than X

Challenge #1

Ensuring repeatability

X

Letter/word other than X

Challenge #3

Classifying consistently

Challenge #2

Recording gestures

Some gestures vary by culture

Series double tap; curve around object

Gesture set

There was a higher agreement on gestures for actions that could be performed through direct manipulation and lower agreement on gestures for actions that were more abstract in nature

3. Analyzed for Novice vs Experience differences - 2 analyses

  • Computed agreement scores for Novices and Experienced participants

Multi select

Move object

Open folder

Open menu

Swipe down

Multi-Tap (anywhere)

This study aims at helping designers understand how users expect to interact with a gesture-enabled touchscreen.

Therefore, we took an initial approach to suggest a gesture set for the 28 investigated actions ... with a few caveats:

  • Gestures were collected independently
  • Gestures are interdependent and need to be evaluated as a complete set
  • A lo-fi prototype was used to collect data >> no system feedback >> no learning and adaptation from users >> but intuitive behaviour unaffected by the system's response

Delete object: % of participants

performing an x on the to-be-deleted items

Research Questions

Drag / Swipe object

Tap object

Press & hold object

• Common gestures for familiar software actions?

• Cultural differences in the use of gestures?

• Differences between experts and novices?

Press & hold object then swipe

across multiple objects

Swipe Right

Letter/word other than X

X

Swipe/drag to neutral space

Swipe across object

Redo

Paste

Pitch

Print

Swipe down

Swipe diagonal

Pinch

Press & hold object

and swipe any direction

Press & hold anywhere and

curve / circle clockwise

Menu:

Press & hold anywhere

Shortcut:

Carat

Menu:

Press & hold object

Shortcut:

Letter P anywhere

Scroll up

Rotate image

Save

Scroll down

Swipe up anywhere

Swipe down anywhere

Curve / circle clockwise

on object

Menu:

Press & hold anywhere

Shortcut:

Letter S anywhere

Carat or arrow betw. words

Drag/swipe to new location

Zoom out

Stop scroll

Undo

Zoom in

Tap anywhere

Spread from object

Pinch with any # of fingers

on object

Press & hold anywhere

and curve / circle counter

clockwise

Potential Follow-on Research

Take the top gestures generated by participants and provide

them to a new group of participants in a survey as multiple

choice options and request a large number of participants

in each country to select the gesture that makes the most

sense to them

Once participants have made all selections, allow them to go back and change previous answers after considering the gesture set as a whole. Allow iteration until participant feels the set is ideal.

Thanks for your Attention!

For further details, contact:

  • Sylvia Le Hong - sylvia.lehong@uid.com
  • Dan Mauney - dmauney@humancentric.com

Follow our blog at: www.touchthinking.com

View our Prezi at: http://prezi.com/ycecrqkvlj7i/

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