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Critical Evaluation:

Questions:

Critical Evaluation:

1- The study by Baron-Cohen on autism gathered quantitative date.

A- Briefly describe the quantitative data

B- State 1 disadvantage of quantitative data.

2- How was the experiment standardized?

3- Describe the results of the Eyes Task.

4- Describe one problem the autistic participants might have in everyday life?

5- Baron cohen is a snapshot case study. What is the snapshot method?

Weaknesses:

  • Ecological validity because some of the participants were tested in a lab in a University. This isn’t something that people go through usually therefore this doesn’t have much ecological validity.
  • The Eye Task test can be questioned as it is an unusual task which is much simpler than the demands of real live social situations.

Strengths:

  • High control of variables (Intelligence, sex, developmental disorders)
  • The researchers were able to ensure that the differences between the scores of the three groups of participants were something to do with being autistic.
  • Ethical (Everyone knew what was happening, they didn't do anything that would negatively affect them)

Type of data collected: Quantitative.

Sample: A total of 46 men & 30 women were divided into 3 groups:

  • Group 1 (Asperger syndrome): 13 men & 3 women with normal intelligence were recruited using an advert in the National Autistic Society magazine & through clinics.
  • Group 2 (Control group): 25 me & 25 women presumed to be of normal intelligence were selected randomly from the subject panel in the University.
  • Group 3 (Tourette syndrome): 8 men & 2 women of normal intelligence recruited from a referral centre in London.

All participants in group 1 (Asperger syndrome) & group 3 (Tourette syndrome) had been tested & found to be able to able to pass first & second order false belief tasks. This means that any failure on the Eyes task could be attributed to problems with mind reading problems beyond that of a 6 year old.

To check whether deficits on the Eyes Task were due to other factors, the researchers administered two control tasks to the participants in Group 1 (Asperger syndrome).

-The gender recognition task & the basic emotion recognition task.

The gender recognition task involved looking at the same eyes in the experimental task, but this time identifying the gender of the person in the photograph.

The basic emotion recognition task involved judging photographs of whole faces displaying basic emotions (happy, sad, angry, afraid, disgusted & surprised).

Results: Adults with Asperger syndrome did have more difficulties with the Eyes Task than both normal adults & adults with Tourette syndrome.

Condition: Mean scores on Eye Task:

Group 1- 16.3

Group 2- 20.3

Group 3- 20.4

Normal adult men had more difficulties in the Eyes Task than normal adult women.

Condition: Mean scores on Eye Task:

Normal men 18.8

Normal women 21.8

On the Strange Stories Task, none of the participants with Tourette syndrome made any mistakes whereas many participants from the Asperger syndrome group had difficulties with the task.

On the Gender & Emotional Control Tasks, there were no difference between the groups.

What is Autism? Causes & Effects:

Procedure: **

The Eyes Task comprises of photographs of 25 different men & women faces. These pictures were standardized by:

  • All black & white
  • All from the same region of the face (midway of the nose to just above the eyebrows)
  • All the same size
  • Each picture was displayed for 3 seconds

Participants were given a forced choice of 4 mental states to answer which word describes best what the person is feeling or thinking?

Autism is a life changing disorder characterized by a profound withdrawal from contact with people, repetitive behavior, & fear of change in the environment.

The emotional disorder effects the brain’s ability to receive & process information. Caused by the development of the brain, both before & after a baby is born.

  • People find it difficult to look, touch or to be touched by people.
  • They may talk only to themselves, laugh at their own thoughts & rock themselves back & forth.
  • They don’t like any type of change may find it very difficult to learn a new behavior.

https://www.questionwritertracker.com/quiz/61/Z4MK3TKB.html

Baron-Cohen: The Study

Autism is either inherited from the parents or possibly a medical problem.

Aim:

  • To investigate if adults with Asperger syndrome would be impaired on a theory of mind test called the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task.’
  • To find out if females would be better than males on the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task’.

Research method: Natural experiment: takes advantage of naturally occurring conditions.

How was the data collected?: The participants of the group had to look at a pair of eyes and choose from a number of options that the person was feeling. There was also a use of standardized procedure in the way the photographs were presented ensured that the researchers could claim with some certainty what there person was feeling.

Autism: A case study by Baron-Cohen

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