Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Protists

How do Protists reproduce?

What are Protists used for?

What kind of environment do Protists live in?

What diseases can Protists cause?

Shingles

Some protists reproduce sexually using gametes, while others reproduce asexually by binary fission. Some species, for example Plasmodium falciparum, have extremely complex life cycles that involve multiple forms of the organism, some of which reproduce sexually and others asexually.

The taxonomic kingdom Protista is a collection of single-celled organisms that do not fit into any other category. Protists are a group made up of protozoa, unicellular algae, and slime molds. We will concentrate on the animal portion of this group: the protozoa (proto = first, zoa = animals).

There are over 100,000 described living species of protists. Nearly all protists exist in some type of aquatic environment, including freshwater and marine environments, damp soil, and even snow. Paramecia are a common example of aquatic protists. Due to their abundance and ease of use as research organisms, they are often subjects of study in classrooms and laboratories. In addition to aquatic protists, several protist species are parasites that infect animals or plants and, therefore, live in their hosts.

How is Fungi treated?

Where do you get Shingles?

Most protist diseases in humans are caused by protozoa. Protozoa make humans sick when they become human parasites. Trypanosoma protozoa cause Chagas disease and sleeping sickness. Giardia protozoa cause giardiasis, and Plasmodium protozoa cause malaria.

How did Fungi reproduce?

https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/protists-23/characteristics-of-protists-146/protist-life-cycles-and-habitats-579-11795/

maps2.eol.org/info/456

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protist

Definition:

A disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, especially by reactivated virus in an older person, characterized by skin eruptions and pain along the course of involved sensory nerves.

Other Facts about Virus:

Other Facts About Protists:

The reproduction of fungi can be either sexual or asexual. Sexual reproduction, as with other organisms, involves the fusion of two nuclei when two sex cells unite. This joining produces spores that can grow into new organisms. However, the majority of fungi reproduce asexually.

www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Biology-Concepts/.../8.7/

The First Signs of Shingles: Early symptoms can start several days before the more obvious symptoms of shingles. The most common early symptom is a feeling of numbness, itching, tingling or a burning pain centered in one part of the body or face. Often, this occurs in the abdominal area.

• The name virus was coined from the Latin word meaning slimy liquid or poison.

What diseases do Viruses cause?

• Many protists act as pathogens to humans. This means they cause diseases.
• The disease malaria is caused by the protist Plasmodium falciparum.

What kind of environment do Viruses live in?

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/shingles

http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-225968/fungus

• Viruses are not alive: They do not have cells, they cannot turn food into energy, and without a host they are just inert packets of chemicals. Viruses are not exactly dead, either: They have genes, they reproduce, and they evolve through natural selection.

How does Bacteria reproduce?

www.healthline.com/health.../early-symptoms-shingles

http://www.ducksters.com/science/biology/protists.php

Fungi

Viruses are found on or in just about every material and environment on Earth from soil to water to air. They're basically found anywhere there are cells to infect. Viruses have evolved to infect every form of life, from animal to plant and from fungi to bacteria.

• Chickenpox

• Flu (influenza)

• Herpes

• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS)

• Human papillomavirus (HPV)

• Infectious mononucleosis

• Mumps, measles and rubella

• Shingles

http://www.virology.ws/2009/10/19/ten-cool-facts-about-viruses/

Bacteria reproduce by binary fission. In this process the bacterium, which is a single cell, divides into two identical daughter cells. Binary fission begins when the DNA of the bacterium divides into two (replicates).

http://archives.microbeworld.org/microbes/virus/where.aspx

Protists

How are Protists treated?

http://www.healthgrades.com/conditions/viral-diseases

Other Facts About Bacteria:

http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria

How is Bacteria treated?

Definition:

Fungi are everywhere in the environment—in the soil; in lakes, rivers, and the seas; in the air ; and in and on plants and animals, including humans. Along with bacteria, fungi are responsible for the decay of organic matter and the release into the atmosphere of carbon, oxygen.

Protists are mostly single-celled, microscopic organisms that are not considered to belong to the animal, plant, or fungi kingdoms. Instead, they are classified as members of the kingdom Protista. Protists are eukaryotes, which means that they have a true nucleus and organelles. Thousands of species of protists exist.

• In 2012, scientists found 1,458 new species of bacteria living just in the bellybutton of human beings. Everyone’s bellybutton ecology is unique like a fingerprint, and one volunteer’s belly button harbored bacteria that had previously been found only in soil from Japan, where he had never been.

What kind of environment does Bacteria live in?

Bacterial infections are usually treated with a special antibiotic, which only kills the bacterium that has caused the disease. To make sure that you get the right treatment, your doctor may take a sample, for example a swab from the throat or a urine sample.

"protist." Compton's by Britannica. Britannica Online for Kids.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2015. Web. 30 Sept. 2015.

<http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-9602872/protist>

Other Facts about Fungi:

What is Bacteria used for?

• Bacteria have been around for at least 3.5 billion years, making them the oldest known life-form on the planet.

Bacteria live on or in just about every material and environment on Earth from soil to water to air, and from your house to

arctic ice to volcanic vents.

• Fungi recycle plants after they die and transform them into rich soil. If not for mushrooms and fungi, the Earth would be buried in several feet of debris and life on the planet would soon disappear.

How are Viruses treated?

"fungus." Compton's by Britannica. Britannica Online for Kids.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2015. Web. 30 Sept. 2015.

<http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-9274462/fungus>

www.netdoctor.co.uk/health_advice/facts/virusbacteria.htm

http://discovermagazine.com/2008/dec/28-20-things-you-didn2019t-know-about-bacteria

archives.microbeworld.org/microbes/bacteria/where.aspx

• Some of the oldest living mushroom colonies are fairy rings growing around the famous Stonehenge ruins in England. The rings are so large that they can best be seen from airplanes.

Viral infections are hard to treat because viruses live inside your body's cells. They are "protected" from medicines, which usually move through your bloodstream. Antibiotics do not work for viral infections. There are a few antiviral medicines available.

What environment does Fungi live in?

• Escherichia coli and Salmonella cause food poisoning.
• Helicobacter pylori cause gastritis and ulcers.
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea.
• Neisseria meningitidis causes meningitis.
• Staphylococcus aureus causes a variety of infections in the body, including boils, cellulitis, abscesses, wound infections, toxic shock syndrome, pneumonia, and food poisoning.
• Streptococcal bacteria cause a variety of infections in the body, including pneumonia, meningitis, ear infections, and strep throat.

http://www.fungi.com/blog/items/facts-about-mushrooms.html

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/viralinfections.html

Fungi

Fungi can be found in many different environments. Fungi will grow on almost anything. Fungi can be found outside in forests, gardens and even in your own backyard. Some are good to eat, but some are deadly.

http://www.healthgrades.com/conditions/bacterial-diseases

Bacteria

Viruses

What is Bacteria used for?

What does Bacteria eat?

What do Fungi eat?

Shingles

Some bacteria are photosynthetic- they can make their own food from sunlight, just like plants. Also like plants, they give off oxygen. Other bacteria absorb food from the material they live on or in. Some of these bacteria can live off unusual "foods" such as iron or sulfur. The microbes that live in your gut absorb nutrients from the digested food you've eaten.

Fermentation processes, such as brewing, baking, cheese and butter manufacturing, Bacteria in combination with yeasts and fungi, have been used for thousands of years in the preparation of fermented foods such as cheese, pickles, [, vinegar, wine, and yogurt.

http://herbarium.usu.edu/fungi/funfacts/live_grow.htm

Definition:

The single-celled organisms called bacteria live on, in, and around most living and nonliving things. With few exceptions, bacteria can be seen only with the aid of a microscope, and millions of them would.

Bacteria

http://www.microbeworld.org/types-of-microbes/bacteria/what-they-eat

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_importance_of_bacteria

Definition:

Viruses are tiny particles that cause disease in people, other animals, and plants. Different viruses cause the common cold, influenza (flu), chicken pox, measles, AIDS, and many other diseases. Viruses are so tiny that people can see them only with powerful microscopes. Some viruses have a spherical, or round, shape. Others are shaped like rods.

Fungi, which are not green plants because they do not contain chlorophyll, cannot make their own food and so must rely on other things. Most fungi feed on the remains of dead plants and animals. They are decomposers and change dead things into humus which is rich in nutrients that plants use as food.

http://www.livescience.com/39444-gut-bacteria-health.html

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/fungi.html

What diseases can Fungi cause?

http://www.jbbardot.com/diy-home-remedies-for-shingles-relieve-the-agony-soothe-the-itching/

"bacteria." Compton's by Britannica. Britannica Online for Kids.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2015. Web. 28 Sept. 2015.

<http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-9273051/bacteria>.

How do Viruses reproduce?

www.zephyrus.co.uk/fungifeedanswer.html

What are Viruses used for?

The virus attaches itself to a specific host cell (the cell in which it will reproduce) the virus injects its genetic material into the host cell. the host cell uses the genetic material to make new viruses. the host cell splits open, releasing the viruses.

"virus." Britannica Junior Encyclopedia. Britannica Online for Kids.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2015. Web. 29 Sept. 2015.

<http://kids.britannica.com/elementary/article-9390098/virus>.

• Tinea is a type of fungal infection of the hair, skin, or nails.
• Athlete's foot is another type of fungal infection that usually appears between the toes but can also affect toenails and the bottom or sides of the feet.

What is Fungi used for?

What do Viruses eat?

• Biological Studies
• Medicine
• Bacteriophage Therapy
• Nanotechnology
• Cancer Prevention
• Vaccines
• Agriculture (etc.)

What do Protists eat?

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/triple_ocr_gateway/beyond_the_microscope/understanding_microbes/revision/4/

http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/skin/fungus.html

Viruses

There are many plant-like protists, such as algae, that get their energy from sunlight. Some of the fungus-like protists, such as the slime molds eat decaying matter.

A virus feeds off the healthy cells in a animal or person to take over the body or host they live in.

Some fungi can cause diseases while others provide food for animals in the ecosystem. Fungi are used to make bread, cheese, wine, beer, soy sauce and marmite. Quorn is a fungus used instead of meat to make vegetarian dishes.

http://www.news-medical.net/health/Virus-Uses.aspx

http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Life-Science-Concepts-For-Middle-School/r22/section/6.2/

https://askabiologist.asu.edu/virus

http://www.britmycolsoc.org.uk/mycokids/what-do-fungi-do1/

https://jameserich.files.wordpress.com

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Protists