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Positivist Crime Theories: Social/Cultural

Rehabilitation - to prevent crime

Why did Positivism fall out of favour?

Open-ended treatment - very expensive

1974 Clarke & Sinclair 'no method was any better at reducing crime'

Positivism - a review

Dominant theory up to the late 1970's

Each person is an individual so needs

individual treatment

Rehabilitation will take different time for each

individual - open ended how long it will take

Therefore indeterminate sentencing used

Why do people commit crime?

Do Positivism consider the individual or society as being the cause of crime?

How could you stop people from committing crime from a positivist perspective?

Gang Culture

Social Disadvantage = Social Outcast

Join gang to associate with other disadvantaged outcasts

Solutions?

Gang Values

Sub-Culture

Gang values not shared by society

Crime acceptable and a way of gaining acceptance from others

Burgess Model - Chicago 1920's

Social Strain

Labelling or Interactionism

Social stigma to being in the gang, e.g. 'bad', 'deviant', 'dangerous'

React by living up to this 'label'

Society sets success goals, such as the pursuit of wealth

Not all able to achieve this as social disadvantage means few opportunities

Turn to crime?

Zone of Transition

  • Area of low rent and poor built environment
  • People moved in, made money and left quickly
  • No community structure, people didn't know their neighbours

Social disadvantage of growing up in this environment made it hard to achieve success in society

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