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ABC's of US History
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Westward Expansion
XYZ Affair
W
America wanted to explore land after the war of 1812. Louisiana Purchase enlarged the states, and this territory wasn't explored yet. The government helped economically for people to explore and get land.
XYZ
France was impressing U.S. ships and then diplomats from America were sent to France to solve the conflict. The diplomats were bribed money to help fund France's economy. The US didn't like this and returned. This looks bad on John Adam's presidency as it happened under him.
Valley Forge
V
At this battle, many men died of the cold and of disease. Shelter wasn't very good and this led to sickness.George Washington traveled here to gain up an army and fight.
T
Thomas Paine
U
The Union Army fought to keep all of the states to stick together. Believed that the seceding states were wrong and didn't know what they were doing. Wanted to abolish slavery but also keep the states together.
Paine was an influential writer who wrote to persuade others. Paine wrote American Crisis, and Common Sense. These documents urged Colonists to keep fighting or to join the fight against Britain
Union Army
Emancipation Proclamation
This declared that the slaves in the Confederate States were free. This made more possible fighters for the Union. The border states still had slaves. This took a long time for the slave to hear of because of the lack of quick communication.
Gettysburg
Was one of the only Civil War battles fought in the Union.General Lee had a strategy to sneak up on the Union in their home territory. The Union found a good vantage point and came out victorious. This battle is known as one of the deadliest on American soil.
Doctrine of Nullification
D
This declared that states in the Union have the right to make void of laws that are unconstitutional. This led to trouble because of the necessary and proper clause in the Constitution. This clause has been stretched many ways to favor someone's opinion.
Alexander Hamilton was a major author of the federalist papers. He founded the federalist party and this helped shape our constitution. He was in favor of the national bank and believed that this would solve debt problems.
John Locke
J
Was a philosopher that believed that men deserved "natural rights".This led to the writers of the Declaration of Independence including life, liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. This also included the idea that the government is suppose to make the people feel secure.
Indian Removal Act
I
Was passed by Andrew Jackson and stated that the president could negotiate with the indians in where they live.The Indians were forced on reservations west of the Mississippi River. There homeland was used for "civilized people"
H
Henry David Thoreau
Thoreau was a transcendentalist who went to the woods in a sense of enlightenment. Thoreau was asked to pay his taxes but he refused. Thoreau refused because he thought it wasn't right to give money to a government that funded a war and slavery.
Created the new land of Kansas and Nebraska. Established that territory will decide slave or free based on popular sovereignty. This opened a lot of new land for Westward Expansion and settlement.
K
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Lexington and Concord
L
Was the first battle of the American Revolution. This battle showed how all of the previous tensions were going to lead up to. Britain was forced to retreat because of the heavy firing of the colonists.
N
Natural Rights
Explains that everyone has the right to life,liberty, and property. The government's job is to protect our rights and to make us feel secure. This was John Locke's idea and this later influenced the Declaration of Independence.
State's Rights
S
Reserved to political powers for only the states. Helped include the state's worth and how they can do something individually. Gave each state its own set of rights that shouldn't be violated.
Olive Branch Petition
O
Explained to Great Britain that the colonists wanted equal rights of British citizens and also wanted to avoid conflict. Colonists were enraged when King George denied this petition. This was a initiative to start rioting.
Reform Movement
R
Social movement that tried to make social change. Many tried to stop alcohol or slavery. This gave America a sense of independence as to how we worked together to make change.
Quartering Act
Q
Act in 1765 that said that people had to house and feed soldiers during time of war. These soldiers were unappreciative and wanted a lot. This enraged colonists in America
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin helped draft the Declaration of Independence. This document declared freedom from Great Britain and allowed for a sense of freedom in the colonies. Benjamin Franklin was also an ambassador, he negotiated the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
M
Monroe Doctrine
Stated that no other countries could colonize America. If another country did try, then it would be recognized as an act of war against the U.S. President Monroe issued this to stop other countries from colonizing land.
This was declared active in the Gibbons vs. Ogden steamboat case. Federal Supremacy means that the federal law is higher than the state law. When the two laws contradict, the federal law should be used.
Popular Sovereignty
P
Explains that the government is run by the people for the people. Influenced many documents including the Constitution (We the People). This led to equality and voting rights in the government.
Dedicated to: my favorite teacher