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Types of ecological relationships
Types of ecological relationships
Amensalism: a negative and neutral interaction
This is when one species has a negative impact on another but the first species is unaffected.
Some species of fungi when breaking down matter on the forest floor can release a toxin that is bad for other plants around them that stops their growth but, the toxin is safe for the fungi.
Commensalism: a positive and neutral interaction
When one species benefits and the other is not effected by the interaction.
Bromeliads need to grow high up on other trees to get the light that it needs to survive and it does not damage the tree that it is on.
Mutualism: everyone wins
This is when both species benefit from the interaction between them.
An example is the Capuchin monkey that like to eat certain flowers from a tree, as it eats some of the flower's pollen sticks to the monkeys fur and travels and is dropped letting flowers grow in new places.
Competition: no one wins
This occurs when there are multiple organisms that need the same resources to survive. This can happen between different species, but can also occur within one species.
When groups are competing for resources one may become extinct due to the lack of resources available or they evolve to gain special features to improve their chance at survival.
Predation: one wins, one loses
This is when two species interact in a way that results in one gaining resources at the loss of the other.
Most people think of the predator-prey relationship like the jaguar and the sloth.
But this relationship does not always result in the death of the other organism. For example a herbivore may eat some parts of a plant but it does not kill the plant overall.
There are 5 types of ecological relationships that can occur as a result of interactions that may be positive, negative or neutral.