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Critical Theories : Post Colonial Revision

Key Terms + Examples

Orientalism:

The idea that non-western cultures are shown through a western lens.

They are reduced to stereotypes,

and often connected with negative values.

Cultural Imperialism:

+ western media dominates the world, saturating people with images and representations that reflect western values

Orientalism

Cultural Imperialism

Eastern Representations

Post Colonialism is...

+ this can be seen as a tool for control of various cultures, a key example is the beauty industry where whitening creams are hugely popular in asian countries- clearly impacted by western media's representations of beauty

Key Reps of the East

The exotic east

The weak east

The corrupt east

The mysterious east

Key Terms + Examples

all of these contribute to the east's representation as a fairy tale land- divorcing it, and its people from reality

Definition:

A critique which takes into account... the effects of european domination of other cultures.

Western

Hegemonic Norms

this concept is applied

to orientalism through the

commonly held stereotypes and under-

standings of different cultural groups.

An example is our perception of Arab

characters as antagonists

Hegemonic Norms:

Likewise- we can use beauty norms

as an example of this. Ie. Beyonce's

skin lightening

We can apply a poco critique when...

Constructed Ethnicity

+ we see representations of white people

+ we see representations of non white people or non western people

+ we see representations of one group exerting power over another

Constructed Ethnicity

The notion that ethnicity can

be constructed much like gender.

The rules of this construction can be learned

from the media as well as personal experience

which gives real importance to representations of ethnicities in the media.

There are extreme negative reactions to

western individuals constructing other

ethnicities. ie. Blackface

This stuff happens FREQUENTLY!

Generally: This can be applied when western stand ins are represented as saviours, powerful, or more civilized than others based on their western-ness

Cultural Appropriation

this is when a culture, or elements of a culture are separated from their original meaning and reduced to aesthetic by those outside of that culture. This represents their culture as a commodity or product- reducing its value.

and reinforcing the idea of

colonials being bought and sold.

Apply :

Cheat Sheet: Go To Thinkers

Key Terms + Examples

Edward Said

Dependent and Provider

look for representations of people who are in power and provide aid, and those who are dependent upon them. Consider these power hierarchies and the racial representations that go along with them.

Justification for colonialism and

assimilation of cultures stemmed from the idea that the non-western world is less civilized and therefore must conform to western norms.

Moral Panics

Often times the folk devil that is created in media texts is based around a non western ethnicity. We see it all the time, we're going to lose all our jobs to immigrants (UKIP), America will crumble under the weight of race riots, muslims are infiltrating our societies.

These panics are developed by both fictional and non-fiction media (the news media in particular). There is a distinct difference in the way western and non western peoples are represented, the latter being consistently coded as violent, animalistic, and uncivilized.

Dependent v.s Provider

Moral Panics

Stereotypes

White Washing / Culture Meshing

Said wrote "Orientalism" which basically says that...

the west has flawed ideas of what the east is.

They have constructed an idea of the orient that has negative effect on the people who live there.

This idea is based of colonialism.

Racial Stereotypes

Like all stereotypes, racial stereotypes serve to reduce ethnic groups to common western perceptions. You are basically never going to come up with a stereotype that is commonly used for a ethnic group in the media which has been developed by that ethnic group.

These stereotypes all encourage the notion that ethnicities are there as accessories- or are less worthy of accurate reflection than caucuasian persons.

Whitewashing:

The practice of turning characters white to fit the hegemonic norm of whiteness being a characteristic of a protagonist or hero

Interchangeability:

Blurring the lines of cultures, casting Korean actors as Chinese characters etc.

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