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The Criminal Code of Canada

RCMP

There are 2 police forces that you may encounter throughout Canada, those being the RCMP and a Municipal force. The RCMP's main focus is 8 different areas. They are :

  • Customs
  • Drug inforcement
  • Economic crimes
  • Federal Policing
  • Immigration
  • Proceeds of crime
  • Criminal Intelligence
  • International liason and Protective services.

Criminal Court Case Procedure

Clifford Olson

Step 1: First appearance

MUNICIPAL POLICE

At the first appearance the accused and their lawyer make their election (choice between provincial and supreme court). They enter their plea to the charges, and they can ask for time to retain council (choose between a private lawyer, or a court appointed one).

There are 3 steps in criminal court cases. They are :

  • First appearance
  • Preliminary Hearing
  • The Trial

Clifford Olson was a notorious serial killer from BC. His nickname was the "Beast of British Columbia". He murdered 11 people between the ages of 9-18. Olson was paid to reveal the locations of the buried bodies. After he revealed the locations, his wife received 100,000$ and Olson was sent to life in prison.

Step 2: Preliminary Hearing

In the preliminary hearing the Crown (prosecution) must present to the court sufficient evidence to commit the accused for trial.

Step 3 : Trial

There are 3 provinces with their own police force that do not have the RCMP as their main polive force. Ontario has the OPP (Ontario Provincial Police). Quebec has the Surete du Quebec. And Newfoundland has the Constabulary. The difference between municipal police and the RCMP is that the municipal police focus on :

  • Preserving the peace
  • Preventing crime
  • Assisting victims of crime
  • Apprehending criminals
  • Laying charges
  • Participating in prosecutions
  • Executing warrants
  • Enforcing municipal bylaws

During the trial the Judge will hear both the defense and the Crown make their cases. At the end the Judge will make the final decision if thre is no jury. The Sherrif will maintain security throughout the trial, and the Clerk will record the trial.

Robert Pickton

Robert Pickton better known as the Pig Farmer was the largest serial killer in Canadian history. He was charged with over 25 first degree murders. He targeted drug addicts and prostitutes on the downtown east side for years. At the end of his trial he received life in prison with chance of parole after 25 years.

Robert Latimer

How are you arrested?

The Latimer case was a very controversial case because of the fact that he murdered his own daughter. Latimer did this out of mercy because of all the pain she was in and the fact that she would never really have a life because of her disabilities. Robert confessed to the crime of murdering his daughter and was convicted of second degree murder and received life imprisonment with no chance of parole for 10 years.

OJ Simpson

There are 4 steps to being arrested in Canada :

  • The police must identify themselves
  • Say that you are under arrest
  • Inform you of your rights
  • Inform you of your charges

Citizens can also make arrests but they must:

  • Catch you in the act
  • Have reasonable grounds
  • Must be on their property

What is the Criminal Code of Canada?

Types of Offences

The OJ Simpson case was a very complex case to look at. There was a multitude of things that went wrong with this case. From the police corruption to tampering and placing evidence at the crime scene as well as improper procedure with the crime scene itself. Lots of the evidence didn't add up such as the black glove not fitting his hand. The trial for this case lasted over 8 months and at the end Simpson was found not guilty of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman.

The Canadian Criminal Code is the set of laws the govern the criminal side of law and are set to reflect canadian veiws in society

After arrest you must be brought to court

Canada has 3 different types of cirminal offences :

  • Summary conviction (trespassing at night)
  • Indictable offence (Armed Robbery)
  • Dual/Hybrid offence (Assualt)

After the police have made their arrest and have charged you with crime, you must be brought to court. There are several ways this can be done:

  • Arrest with warrant
  • Arrest without a warrant
  • Promise to appear
  • Appearance notice
  • Summons to appear
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