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The PARAGRAPH
“Your confidence in writing paragraphs will make the task of research writing easier and more satisfying”
PURPOSES OF PARAGRAPHS FOR WRITERS
HIERARCHY OF A PARAGRAPH
1.To divide a subject into manageable units of information. By grouping ideas into paragraphs, relationships of ideas to one another are shown and their significance to a writer’s overall purpose.
-Topic Sentence
-Generalization
-Details
-Generalization
-Details
-Generalization
-Details
2. To control emphasis. By placing a paragraph into a particular position, the relative importance of an idea is indicated.
The topic sentence, usually the first sentence of a paragraph, summarizes the content of the paragraph, telling the readers what to expect.
3. To establish rhythm. By interrupting a series of long paragraphs with a short one, or by creating a series of brief paragraphs, cadence in writing is established.
PARAGRAPH UNITY
PARAGRAPH COHERENCE
4.To increase writing control. This is done by being fully aware that each paragraph is an idea unit, one distinct space for developing one point, and by consciously organizing ideas that belong together.
Coherence is the orderly relationship of ideas, each leading smoothly and logically to the next. Ideas must be weaved together so skillfully that the readers can easily how one idea connects to another and to the central thought.
Paragraph unity is the requirement for the consistency in the development of the idea in a paragraph. To achieve this, each sentence must show a clear connection of the topic.
Unity and Coherence should not be confused with each other. Whereas coherence involves the movement of thought from sentence or paragraph to paragraph, unity plainly means staying on the topic.
Team
KINDS OF PARAGRAPHS
PURPOSE S OF PARAGRAPHS TO THE READERS
1.To give them access. Paragraphs tell readers where they are, where they are going and where the information that they need to know can be found.
1.INTORDUCTORY. Usually the first paragraph in a writing composition, it gives the necessary background and indicates the main idea, called the thesis.
2.TRANSITIONAL. A very brief paragraph, it merely directs the reader from one point o another.
3.DEVELOPMENTAL. A unit of several sentences, it expands on an idea.
4.CONCLUDING. Usually the last paragraph, it makes the final comment on whatever has been developed.
2. To aid them grasp key points. Paragraphs allow readers to follow the writers’ reasoning and understand the key ideas conveyed.
3. To provide them a visual cue. Each paragraph tells readers that they have completed one topic and are about to take up another.
4.To allow them to refocus. Each new paragraph allows readers to refocus their attention to see how the paragraph relates to the previous one.
PARAGRAPH
PARAGRAPH LENGTH
A paragraph is a set of related sentences that expresses or develops a topic. A paragraph is usually a part of an extended piece of writing, although in some situations, you may need only one paragraph to fulfill your purpose.
THE TOPIC SENTENCE
A paragraph has a specific structure. The topic sentence states the main idea of the paragraph, summarizing the paragraph’s contents. Generalizations break up the topic into smaller, less general parts, but these parts are still too general to stand by themselves. Generalizations need details to prove their validity. Details are given through facts, examples, specific events or explanations.
Time
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2013
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Characteristics of a Topic Sentence
You can achieve coherence by efficiently using the following:
PARAGRAPH EMPHASIS
The length of a paragraph is important but it must be borne in mind that the rule about length varies with each type of writing. For academic writing in English classes, most paragraphs are between 100 and 300 words long, and between 7 and 15 sentences, depending on the length of the sentence. The paragraph length will also depend on the complexity of the main idea.
Emphasis, a feature of most good writing, helps the reader focus on the main ideas. It is an element in which a paragraph is made more effective and forceful by causing the main idea to stand out above the minor ideas supporting it.
Common methods employed by many writers to achieve emphasis
1.Overall Pattern. A paragraph should be arranged in a specific pattern based on the topic and the purpose. There are at least three prevailing basic patterns: time (chronological), space (spatial), and logic (deduction or induction).
2.Transitional Terms. By using transitional terms, you can help your readers move easily from one idea to another. Transitional terms are devices that state relationships and work like bridges between thoughts.
3.Repetition, Use of Pronouns and Consistency of Point of View. Coherence may also be achieved by repeating words and phrases to keep the main subject in the reader’s mind and maintain the continuity necessary for a smooth flow of logical thought.
1.It must be a summary of the main idea of the paragraph. The topic sentence must include both the topic, or subject, and you main idea (opinion or approach) about the topic.
2.It must cover only one main idea. The topic sentence must summarize a paragraph that proves a point, discusses a contrasting point, or introduces an extended example that is used to prove a point.
3.It must be a general statement that is provable with explanations and examples. The topic sentence cannot be a specific detail that allows no further discussion, nor can it be a fact because facts do not need to be proven, facts are accepted by the community without further explanation.
4.It must be about your own ideas, written in your own words, not a quotation or a paraphrase of someone else’s ideas.