Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
The Code of Points rulebook defines the scoring system for each level of competition in gymnastics. There is no combined, international code of points; every oversight organization (such as GA (Gymnastics Australia), FIG (Federation Internationale de Gymnastique), and most national gymnastics federations) designs and employs its own unique Code of Points. Although the various Codes of Points differ from one another, they also change either majorly or majorly each year. They add skills, they take away skills, and they also change how they score each apparatus except vault.
Over the course of any sport, the rules have changed to make it sport safer, yet more efficient and more challenging
Each year the skills change and their points given for each skill (The Difficulty Value, Composition Requirements, Connection Value and bonus’) depending on your location is what changes, (because each state, just in Australia, has its own skills and rules that are allocated for each level.)
Each year the code of points (the bible of gymnastics) is changed to hopefully improve the judging and scoring system
The sporting wear hasn’t changed much between the years; the only thing that has changed is, stretching materials, also mesh it now used in long sleeved leotards to be used as an easier breathing material, also as a more fancy designs. Designs have exceeded within the time, especially recently with an increase of diamantes, sparkles, with a more elegant look. As the designs have increased and the amounts of materials have to, the pricing has gone up with it. The average pricing for a regular training leotard can be between $50 and$80. However, when buying for competition can cost between $80 and over $300 depending on if its custom, which brand, and what materials are used. Because leotards can be comfortable, there is only one thing that isn’t so comfortable about it; when you get wedgies. People have come up with different ways to stop this, firstly, tightening the seam, but that just made it uncomfortable and made more issues. Then they came up with Bum glue. This comes in sprays, roll on glue, and even tape. Gymnasts use this mainly in competitions, as it is quite expensive (eg roll on $20) so in training, people just wear gymnastics shorts over the top of their leotards.
The total score for each apparatus is added up by:
The Difficulty Value (DV), Composition Requirements (CR)
& Connection Value (CV) of every skill
These change each year due to need of update, striding the athletes to continue to improve in gymnastics.
Women’s artistic gymnastics has four apparatuses:
Vault - a 20m sprint to the vaulting table followed by springing onto & off the hands and landing perfectly on the other side. Extra rotations at any point increase the difficulty, adding to the over all score. Both a men and females apparatus
Uneven Bars - requiring strength, precision, rhythm, concentration, courage & spatial awareness; the gymnast moves from one bar to the other, alternating grip changes, releases & regrasps, saltos & changes of direction with circular swings.
Balance Beam - balance at its most extreme, adding an extra element to the acrobatic sequences, gymnastic jumps & turns. It is an exercise not only of flexibility, but also of concentration, spatial awareness, rhythm & expression.
Floor - a creative combination of expressive dance, acrobatics & powerful gymnastics performed to music, where each gymnast communicates her own personality & style into her routine.
People have started to use play back video cameras that continually record, then play back a couple of minutes later so the gymnast can finish and get quick feed back before watching the video. By doing this the gymnast can look at their form and make adjustments to their skills to improve performance, also if the coach it trying to explain something, showing them a video of it can help the gymnast to understand what the coach is talking about and make some of their own adjustments to the skill/s. This can also be in a less expensive form, eg iPads, phones, tablets & computers. They also use video play back in competitions to check corrections & requirements have been met. This Technology is being brought into many ports to improve performance and is making a drastic improvement to athletes performance.
Gymnastics was born in the late 1700's. Gymnastics appeared in the first modern Olympic Games in Athens 1896, with women first competing in Amsterdam 1928.
"Gymnastics Australia." Gymnastics Australia. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2015.
http://www.gymnastics.org.au/
"Gymnastics VIC." Gymnastics VIC. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2015.
http://vic.gymnastics.org.au/
"By-laws, Policies & Technical Regulations." Gymnastics Australia. Gymnastics Australia, n.d. Web. 18 May 2015.
http://www.gymnastics.org.au/by-laws-policies-technical-regulations.html
"Code of Points (artistic Gymnastics)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 1 Mar. 2015. Web. 18 May 2015.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Points_(artistic_gymnastics)
"Technical Information." Gymnastics Australia. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2015.
http://www.gymnastics.org.au/wag-technical-information.html
"Women's Technical Information." Gymnastics Australia. WAG Technical Committee, n.d. Web. 18 May 2015.
http://vic.gymnastics.org.au/page.php?id=282
"Gymnastics Online Education." StudyGym. Gymnastics Victoria, n.d. Web. 18 May 2015.
http://www.studygym.com.au/
"A History of Gymnastics: From Ancient Greece to Modern Timeselmers." Scholastic Teachers. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2015.
http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/history-gynastics-ancient-greece-modern-times
"Gymnastics." Australian Olympic Committee. Daemon, n.d. Web. 18 May 2015.
http://corporate.olympics.com.au/sports/gymnastics
"Vault (gymnastics)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Apr. 2015. Web. 18 May 2015.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vault_%28gymnastics%29
"Uneven Bars." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Apr. 2015. Web. 18 May 2015.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uneven_bars
"Balance Beam." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 6 May 2015. Web. 18 May 2015.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_beam
"Floor (gymnastics)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 5 May 2015. Web. 18 May 2015.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_%28gymnastics%29
"Gymnastics Wiki." Gymnastics Wiki. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2015.
http://wagymnastics.wikia.com/wiki/Gymnastics_Wiki
"Grip (gymnastics)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 7 Feb. 2014. Web. 18 May 2015.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grip_(gymnastics)
• Height: 124 centimeters
• Length: 500 centimeters
• Width: 10 centimeters
On beam, no one used to use mag on the balance beam because it wasn’t useful (because they didn’t do hard enough skills that they needed mag) and because it made a big mess, both on the floor and beam. They now use it to ensure grip to the beam to minimise risk of slipping off (because your feet get sweaty when your nervous). Mag is used on all apparatus’. On beam, feet, hands and beam. On bars, grips and bars. On floor, feet, hands and floor (in the corners). On vault, feet and hands.
The original vaulting horse has very similar dimensions as the men’s apparatus, pommels, but without the handles. It had been blamed for many serious injuries. In 1988, a female was paralyzed in a vaulting accident; she died from complications from her injuries three years later. 1998 a man fell and suffered paralysis from a cervical-spine injury. In a series of crashes when the horse's height was set too low at the 2000 Olympics, gymnasts either rammed into the horse's front end, or had bad landings after having problems with their hand placements during push-off. Following the 1988, 1998 and 2000 problems, The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) re-evaluated and changed the apparatus.
The new vaulting table was introduced at the World Championships in Ghent 2001. The new vaulting table is all about and has been designed to make vaulting safer. It has a very stable base, easy to adjust in height and with all the wishes and desires of gymnasts and coaches incorporated in one peace of equipment. It features a flat, larger, and more cushioned surface almost parallel to the floor, which slopes downward at the end closest to the springboard; gymnasts nicknamed it the "tongue". The new vaulting table is suitable for men and women's competitions as well as for training at all levels. It is designed for gymnastics. It is ergonomically designed. The hand placement and sight lines for the gymnast are ideal and the cushioning material directly under the hands minimises impact force on hands, wrists and shoulders. For the Olympic Games in Athens in 2004 there was no hesitation or questioning to which vault should be used for the biggest competition in gymnasts; the Janssen-Fritsen 'Pegases'. 'Pegases' was the competition vault in Beijing 2008 again. It appears to be somewhat safer than the old apparatus and only one major injury has accrued in 2007 since the new vaulting table has been put in place
• Every vault (the single skill) has been assigned a specific points value in the Code by the oversight organisation of the competition. This value is called the D-score. Every gymnast performing the same vault will receive the same number of points.
• The E-score is the most important score on this apparatus. The judges on this panel work from the 10.0 base mark and deduct for form, technique, execution and landing.
As with all apparatus’, the D-score and E-score are added together for the gymnasts’ final mark
However, there are several performances that overthrow the final score out of 10. These include:
- Receiving spotting from a coach (all apparatus')
- Going before the signal/flag (Vault)
- Not using the Yurchenko mat for Yurchenko vaults (Vault)
Beam was originally based on dance, rather than tumbling. The routines were very simple, even at the elite level. They were made up of combinations of leaps, dance poses, handstands, rolls and walkovers. In the 1960s, the most difficult acrobatic skill performed by the average Olympic gymnast was a back handspring.
The difficulty of the skills performed on the beam began to increase dramatically in the 1970s. Introducing advanced tumbling combinations and aerial skills. The change was also enabled by the transition from wooden beams to safer, less slippery models with suede-covered surfaces. The unique shock absorption system and elastic padding reduce the peak forces considerably without sacrificing stability. The hygroscopic cover ensures a perfect grip. Soft ergonomically shaped end caps provide additional comfort for the gymnast.
By the mid-1980s, top gymnasts regularly performed flight series and multiple aerial elements on beam.
Recently, beam routines are still made up of acrobatic skills, dance elements, leaps and poses, but with ominously greater difficulty.
The springboards have also improved remarkably. The boards used to have a curved piece of wood between the two main pieces of wood but they have changed the boards so they are now separated by 1 – 9 springs depending on the gymnast. They also added cushioning carpet on the top to reduce the impact force on the feet, ankles and knees. The springboard is a vital part of the vault, and is also used in other apparatuses, such as the balance beam, or uneven bars, to start the event by springing onto the apparatus. The springboard is usually about 0.6 m (2 feet) wide and 1.2 m (4 feet) long.
• Length: 120 centimeters ± 1 centimeter
• Width: 95 centimeters ± 1 centimeter
• Height:
• Men: 135 centimeters ± 1 centimeter
• Women: 125 centimeters ± 1 centimeter
Run up area:
• Length: 2,500 centimeters ± 10 centimeters
• Width: 100 centimeters ± 1 centimeter
When it comes to matting equipment, in the late 17th century they didn’t even use any equipment or matting, they just used the ground, weather it were grass, cement, bricks; depending on where their venue was. Only in the mid 18th century they started to introduce wooden planks. Eventually they started using different materials to make it safer. They started changing the thickness and softness of the matting only recently so they could be used for different uses for different drills and skills. They have updated there materials to a more suitable wear and more efficient for the uses of the gymnasium. They used to just have normal fabrics you would use to wear, just stiffer with more material and a wood base. Gymnasiums update there mats and shapes yearly; the most popular type of material used is a skin-friendly washable synthetic Gym-Bisonyl. New shapes have been added to assist with different uses of the equipment for different drills and skills.
− In the early routines there were a very small fraction was focused on leaps, jumps, turns and dance. In between tumbling were filled with various simple dance movements with very little effort put into them.
− Tumbling these days, gymnasts tend to use round off back handsprings to build for their tumbling lines, where’s in the 1960’s-1990’s, they used front tumbling also to build for higher combinations, such as Lilia Podkopayeva's floor routine where she used the front handspring + fly spring combination three times to build momentum for her somersaults
− Now that more difficult skills are used now, this is no longer used but various people including Daniela Silivas, tumbled across the floor twice in one pass.
− Dance is being incorporated more and more these days in floor routines and is highly likely it will soon be judged on. Gymnasts are putting more effort into their dance than ever before and everyone is hoping it will continue to rise in popularity.
− What will happen in the future? Who knows? But judging on the change between now and 1968, there will be some pretty amazing changes that we will see
• Flight element from high bar to low bar and vice versa
• Flight element on the same bar
• At least two different grips, and a close bar circle element
• Non flight with a turn on the bar, for example turning handstands
• Dismount
− Round off + layout 1/1 + jump into split
− Cat leap 1/1 + split leap
− Round off + layout step out. Front handspring + straddle swim through
− Step full turn, split leap
− Round off, layout ¼ cartwheel
− Step full turn, split leap
− Side aerial, illusion 1/1, slide to split
− Round off + layout step out, back walkover
Score: 9.675
• Height:
• Upper bar: 250 centimeters
• Lower bar: 170 centimeters
• Diameter of bars: 4 centimeters
• Length of the bars: 240 centimeters
• Diagonal distance between the two bars: 130 centimeters –180 centimeters (adjustable)
The dimensions of the floor haven’t changed much like beam, just slight changes of the carpet on top, the springboards underneath and the foam in between. So what has changed? The routines. The difficulty value of each routine is a tremendous between each Olympic game.
The different skills and difficulty performed has revolutionized the floor routines that we see today.
In the early stages of gymnastics, gymnasts didn’t wear grips, they just used bare hands and when their hands started to get sore, they either didn’t do anything, or put a band aid over the top (if they were bleeding) and continued doing gymnastics. They eventually came up with a way to make grips out of sports tape but this still wasn’t 100% affective.
Gymnasts now have the choice to wear grips, sports tape grips, or bare hands. Grips are a strip of leather that hocks around one middle and ring finger and has either a buckle or velcro strap to ensure the grip does fall off on the wrist. By wearing the grip, it lowers the risk of falling off, (hence the name “grip” because it helps you grip to the bar) and it also protects the hands from blisters and tears (commonly know as rips). For a better grip, gymnasts put water and chalk/mag on their grips (the mag they also use on beam) to ensure better grip and decreases the risk of slipping off the bar while doing a routine.
The apparatus, uneven Bars is probably the most adapted apparatus out of all four of the WAG events.
Originally, the uneven bars were very close together, and gymnasts could change from one bar to the other with little difficulty. They were originally consisted of men's parallel bars set to different heights (a lower bar, and a higher one).
Routines of the early 1950s were mainly made up of simple back hip circles, kips, and static balance elements and holds.
In the late 1950s the development of the skills changed to flowing motions, and more difficult back hip circles, beats, kips, wraps and transitions. Releases also started to grow into some routines, however they were limited because of the distance between the low and high bar.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the design was changed slightly. They added tension cables to hold the apparatus to the floor, allowing the distance between the bars to be adjustable. Additionally, the circumference of the actual wooden bars decreased, allowing gymnasts to grasp and swing easier and safer.
As a result of the change in design, gymnasts and coaches began experimenting with more challenging dismounts, and adapting moves from men's horizontal bar. For example, giants, the principal of high bar in Men's Artistic Gymnastics (MAG), was added to the women's Code of Points, and quickly became a primary skill.
In the mid 1980s, routines had become so constructed on swings and releases that the bars were moved even farther apart. The distance between bars increased to 1.83 cm as gymnasts developed difficult transition elements that required space.