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While geopolitics and ideology best describe the causation and the origins of European integration, economics best explains its process and development.
European Integration: cumulative and gradual process whereby European nation-states have been willing to transfer part of their sovereign powers into a collective enterprise.
- The forces and motives behind integration process varied substantially from country to country
geopolitics ideology economics integration
Best, Anthony et. al. International History of the 20th Century and Beyond, (London, 2015)
Dinan, Desmond, Europe Recast: A History of European Union, (Basingstoke, 2004)
Dinan Desmond, Ever Closer Union: An Introduction to European Integration, (Basingstoke, 2010)
Gilbert, Mark, European Integration: A Concise History, (Lanham, 2012)
Gilbert, Mark, 'Narrating the Process: Questioning the Progressive Story of European Integration, Journal of Common Market Studies, 46, (2008), 641-662
Gehler, M., and Kaiser, W., 'Transnationalism and Early European Integration, The Historical Journal, 44, (2001), 773-798
Hogan, Michael, 'The Search for a "Creative Peace"', Diplomatic History, 6, (1982), 267-286
Milward, Alan, The European Rescue of the Nation-State, (London, 2000)
Moravcsik, Andrew, The Choice for Europe, (Oxon, 1998)
Dinan: "European countries to join together in an increasingly rigid bipolar world".
- German question - prominent factor for integration
- Onset of Korean War and Berlin Blockade
- Formation of European Defence Community
- Fear of Soviet communism
- Communist expansion domestically
(France/Italy/Germany)
- Rivalry with Eastern counterpart - Comecon
- Milward: "joint economic renewal of capitalism"
- Resulted in the formation of ECSC (1951)
- Integration was about European recovery
- Spaak report enhanced success of economic integration
- Gilbert: "Europanisation was a by-product of the urge to produce welfare".
Historical Background
Geopolitics
Ideology
Economics
Conclusion
- 1945-1957
- Treaty of Rome
- Schuman Plan
- "integration" as panaceas
for Europe's ills