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Salvador Minuchin
SFT is used most often in families that contain juvenile delinquents, anorexics, alcoholics, and low socio economic levels.
Minuchin developed the theory at Wiltwych School for the Boys as a way to correct the behavior of juvenile delinquents by involving their families.
Intermission
The boundaries are set by the members of the group, and defines the sub systems purpose.
Direction from a therapist to demonstrate how a particular problem is handled with the family. ( getting the family to talk with each other rather than the therapist) The therapist then observes the process and will also look for: Spontaneous behavior sequences – Specific actions already occurring within the family
Family members are encouraged to think for themselves
The goal is to change the relationship within
a subsystem
Therapist actually joins and supports one individual/subsystem
Brings to light the unvoiced conflict
Happens while in therapy –
Begins with complementing
Followed by a reframe
“I know your trying to help, but the more you
help, the less he learns to help himself, and I know you want him to be independent.”
This helps redraw boundaries and change the enmeshment/diffusion.
Refers to family structure –
Where do family members sit at dinner, around the TV, who do they go to..
Expectations and Family Rules – “What happens in the family, stays in the family”
Who takes care of who?
Who has what job?
Who’s the authority figure?
Tim &
Its more complicated in that within the subsystem, there are subtle and not so subtle versions.
Typical Middle Class – Father disengaged due to work and mother enmeshed due to caregiving responsibilities.
Final Presentation
In general...
Clear boundaries
Rules and habits that allow and encourage dialogue and thus help family members to enhance their communication and relationships with one another.
Rigid boundaries
Overly restrictive in that little contact with outside systems is permitted. They have inflexible rules and habits that keep family members separated from each other. Family members become emotionally detached.
diffuse boundaries
Structural arrangements that do not allow enough separation between family members. This results in some family members becoming fused and dependent on other family members.
Structural Family Therapy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9PU-hTdkzg8
Therapeutic Techniques
Complementarity: linear (blaming)
to circular discussions (what is my part?)
conflict avoidance
blaming