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Chapter 9: Organizing the Body of the Speech
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- Keep Main Points Separate
- Try to Use the Same Pattern of Wording for Main Points
- Balance the Amount of Time Devoted to Main Points
- A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them.
- Without connectives, a speech is disjointed and uncoordinated.
- Four types of speech connectives are:
- Transitions
- Internal Previews
- Internal Summaries
- Signposts
Clear organization is vital to speechmaking. Listeners demand coherence. A well organized speech will enhance your credibility and make it easier for the audience to understand your message.
Chapter 9: Organizing the Body of the Speech
Connectives
Transitions are words or phrases that indicate when a speaker has just completed one thought and is moving on to another.
For Example:
- Now that we have...
- Keeping these points in mind...
Internal Previews let the audience know what the speaker will take up next but they are more detailed than transitions. It comes in the body of the speech and is usually combined with a transition.
For Example:
- "Now since you know what Connectives are, I will focus towards the details of Internal Previews"
This gave you an idea of what the speaker is going to talk about next..
Internal Summaries are reverse of Internal Previews. They remind listeners of what they have just heard.
For Example:
- "You now know about Topical Order, Tips for Preparation, Supporting Materials and Connectives"
Internal Summaries are an excellent way to clarify and reinforce ideas.
Supporting Materials
Signposts are very brief statements that indicate exactly where you are in the speech.
For Example:
- The First cause...
- The Second cause...
- The Third cause...
Questions are particularly effective as signposts because they invite subliminal answers and thereby get the audience more involved with the speech.
By themselves, main points are only assertions. Listeners need supporting materials to accept what a speaker says.
The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are:
- Examples
- Statistics
- Testimonies
Tips for Preparing Main Points
Each main point in a speech should be clearly independent of the others
Try to keep the wording parallel when you can, for it is a good way to make your points stand out from the details surrounding them.
Topical Order
Make sure each main point receives enough emphasis to be clear and convincing. This means allowing sufficient time to develop each main point.
- A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.
- Topical order usually results when you divide the speech topic into "subtopics", each of which becomes a main point in the speech.
- Example:
- Specific Purpose..
- Central Idea..
- Main points..