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Evolutionary result of an organisms morphological, behavioral, and physiological adaptations
Calidris ferruginea
Make new ones or use replacement ones that are kept in internal pouches in case it breaks
Shallow ocean sandy and muddy bottoms
Ability to regenerate after a predator takes a bite
Able to shrink as much as a tenth of their length which helps hide from predators
Bad taste
Proboscis allows them to pull themselves forward
Produce mucus
LIFE CYCLES/STAGES
SEXES
Has separate sexes:
Most marine species!
Being hermaphroditic:
Head Glands create slime to slide on
Mostly immobile
Some use grappling hook action
Freshwater and terrestrial species!
SIMPLE REPRODUCTION
ADULTS
- eggs and sperm released externally through pores or breakages in body wall
EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION
(prompted by mating behaviors and pheremones)
Suction Cup Mouth, attaching to host
Fluid Circulation, unique respiratory system
Can extend up to 300x length when disturbed
Eggs
Proboscis is irreversible
Venom subdues the prey
extend 30 times it's length
Development
Direct
Develop either:
End up as oval-shaped juveniles covered in cilia
- temporarily pelagic before becoming benthic
Indirect
1. Helmet-shaped with ciliated lobes in a swimming larval stage (pilidium)
2. Larval ectoderm separates to construct protective skin encasing metamorphosed juvenile
- Lives planktonically before shedding skin to settle on the benthos
In species where the worm hatches from a benthic egg case...
A desor larval stage happens where metamorphosis occurs
(Depending on species)
Nemertea found in washington
WHAT ALLOWS THEM TO PROSPER?
Acelyn Bowman
Jacqueline Guerra