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Pathophysiology of GOITER

FACTORS

Precipitating:

Predisposing:

>Congenital

>Gender: Female (4:1 )

>Older women

>Men with radiation therapy of head and neck

>Iodine deficiency

>Excessive goitrogenic substances

>Hypo/Hyperthyroidism

>Adverse drug reaction

>Thyroiditis/Thyroid CA

Production of TSH

Release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland

Stimulation of the pituitary gland

Lab evaluation

Production of TRH

Interference with TRH-TSH thyroid hormone axis

>TSH assay

Imaging studies

>UTZ

>CT scan

>MRI

>PET

>FNAB/FNNAB

Hypertrophy of the thyroid gland

*Swelling in the neck

*Local compression causing dysphagia, dyspnea, stridor, plethora or hoarseness

*Pain

*S/Sx of Hypo/Hyperthyroidsm

Stimulation of the hypothalamus

Formation of thyroid nodule

Diffuse goiter

Enlargement of the whole thyroid

Metastasis of thyroid/inflammatory/malignant cells

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