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Application to Other Texts

  • The concept of New Historicism/ Cultural Studies can be applied to other works of literature. The example qw used is sonnet 37 by Edmund Spenser.

Sonnet 37 - Edmund Spenser

New Historicism/ Cultural Materialist

What guyle is this, that

those her golden tresses

she doth attyre under a net

of gold:

and with sly skill so

cunningly them dresses

that which is gold or heare

may scarse be told?

is it that mens frayle eyes,

which gaze too bold,

she may entangle in that

golden snare:

and ebing caught may

craftily enfold

theyr weaker harts, which

are not wel aware?

Take head therefore, myne

eyes, how ye doe stare

henceforth too rashly on

that guilefull net,

in which if ever ye

entrapped are,

out of her bands ye by no

meanes shall get.

Fondness it were for any

being free,

to covet fetters, though

they golden bee.

or

Marxism?

Marxism

Both

New Historicism

Comparison Between New and Old Historicism

  • Both theories search for truth within literature
  • examines how the lower classes are oppressed
  • examines how the work reflects the author's life
  • cultural history can be revealed from literature in both theories

OLD VS. NEW

  • both theories focus on social class differences and economic situations in society

New:

Old:

Point #2

Point #2

New Historicism follows the principle that text is “culture in action” and is constantly molded and shaped by the culture that surrounds it.

Old Historicists believe that if they look into the historical context of the book, they will achieve a better understanding of the text.

New:

Old:

Point #1

New:

Point #1

Old:

Point #3

Old Historicism molded into New Historicism in the 1980s. They both have similar tactics, but also contrast with the newer style.

Before the1980s, people believed that historical information taken from novels was completely accurate, without any bias.

New Historicism looks at history as a fluctuating interpretive aspect rather than a strong component of literature

Old Historicism relies on the historical setting to interpret the novel.

History has varied affects on people; it is subjective to people’s feelings and emotions, making it biased.

New Historicism Jeopardy

Pregunta Final: Categoría de País Hispanohablante

¿Qué es el himno nacional de España?

¨Cantemos todos juntos con distinta voz y un solo corazón.¨

Although New and Old Historicism is made up of the same basic ideas. They contrast each other in their techniques, representing the different thoughts of different times.

Old Historicists ask the basic question, "What Happened?", while New Historicists would ask, "How has the historical context been interpreted?"

Old and New Historicism

New Historicists

Stephen Greenblatt &

Michel Foucault

¿Cómo se pronuncia el doble ¨l¨?

Esta combinación de letras es

pronunciar como ¨y¨

New Historicism: A Way of Viewing Literature

200

¿Qué es el hotel?

What is a New Historicist?

When did Old Historicism mold into New Historicism?

Who is Stephen Greenblatt?

¿Cómo pronunciar las letras ¨c¨ y ¨z¨?

Las personas de España pronuncian

estas letras como ¨th¨

400

¿Cuándo es el mejor tiempo para ir a una destinación?

What do New Historicists do?

¿Cómo cambiar los verbos que terminan con

¨-cer¨ o ¨-cir¨ para el nombre ¨yo¨?

How did Michel Foucault view one of his terms?

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre ¨ser¨ y ¨estar¨?

¿Dónde es La República Dominicana?

Este país hispanohablante es

al lado de Haití

600

¿Qué es un boleta de ida?

¿Qué es uno uso para ¨ser¨?

True or False?

New Historicism and Old Historicism do not have similar tactics, and do not contrast with the newer style.

¿Qué es el verbo ¨ver¨ para el pronombre ¨yo¨?

What did Stephen Greenblatt talk about in his video?

What is a question a New Historicist would ask when studying literature?

DEFINITION:

  • What illuminates the text in either historical or cultural events?

New Historicism is a Literary Criticism Theory. The theory looks at the historical aspect of literature and pays close attention to the way history can be interpreted and altered to influence an audience.

  • How does this particular work reveal the connections between language, knowledge, and power in a particular culture?
  • How does this work reveal a historically specific model of truth and authority?

What is the New Historicism theory?

Questions a New

Historicst Would Ask

?

?

?

➢ This theory acknowledges not only that a work of literature is influenced by its author’s time and beliefs, but that the critics’ response to that work is also influenced by his environment and beliefs as well.

  • How is this literary text similar to other historical/cultural texts from the same time period?
  • Are there words in the text that have changed their meaning from the time of the writing?
  • How does this portrayal criticize or explain how the leading political figures or movements were like in that certain time era?
  • How are events' interpretation and presentation a product of the culture of the author?
  • Does the work's presentation support or condemn the event that happened?
  • What language/characters/events present in the work reflect the current events of the author’s time?

➢ When people study literature, we should study and interpret it with the history of the author and history of the critic.

New Historicism is the idea that as time changes, our understanding of great literature will also change.

  • Based on the literary criticism of Stephen Greenblatt
  • Influenced by the philosophy of Michel Foucault

What is a New Historicist ?

  • ➢ Looks at literature in a wider historical context
  • Examines how the writer’s times has effected literature and how the literature reflects the writers’ time

The Wise Words of Critic Stephen Greenblatt:

  • Recognizes the current cultural context and the critics’ conclusion

Who is Michel Foucault?

➢" Acknowledges that his examination

of literature is “tainted” by his own culture and

environment" – Stephen Greenblatt

  • Literary critic
  • He had the ability to pick up common terms and give them new meanings
  • This changed the way critics addressed pervasive issues such as, power, discourse, discipline, subjectivity and government

Who is Stephen Greenblatt?

  • A literary critic/New Historicist

How did he view these terms?

  • ➢ Brought together events that normally seemed unconnected.
  • ➢ Encouraged New Historicists to redefine the boundaries of historical inquires.
  • ➢ Refused to see history as an evolutionary process, a continuous moment from cause to effect, from past to present toward the end.
  • ➢ Believes that no historical event has a single cause. Each event has many economic, social and political factors.

  • Many renaissance scholars were inspired by Stephen’s Ideas
  • Likes to connect Shakespeare’s plays and the political atmosphere in Elizabethan, England
  • Argued that New Historicism, works to remain aware to the ideas of any historical moment.

New Historicism/ Cultural Materialist Theory

  • "The historicity of the text and textuality of history” - Stephen Greenblatt, 1980

By: Annelise Do Rio

& Cynthia Michetti

200

¿Cuál son las conjugaciones

de ¨nosotros¨ para ser y estar?

List one difference between Old Historicism and New Historicism.

600

400

600

400

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