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Social Harmony

Malcolm

  • Macbeth promotes chaos over order.
  • He causes Scotland to be a diseased state.
  • He is not aware that he is the cause of this.
  • "Alas poor country!/Almost afraid to know itself."
  • Malcolm restores social order by sending his army to defeat Macbeth.
  • Becomes the true King.
  • Posses kingly values.
  • He is a capable leader, as he leads an army against Macbeth.
  • He displays tactical wisdom as he tests Macduff before he trusts him.
  • Also tells the army to disguise themselves with tree branches.
  • He inspires loyalty, as he rewards those who are loyal.
  • He invites everyone to his coronation and rewards his soldiers.
  • He invites those who left Scotland during Macbeth's reign back.
  • He is a symbol of Kingship and social order.
  • Sends his army against Macbeth and becomes King at the closing of the play.

Macbeth

Beloved King

  • Duncan evokes love and loyalty.
  • His death evokes sympathy from the audience.
  • He rewards those who are loyal to him.
  • After Macbeth wins the battle in Act 1, Duncan promotes him as Thane of Cawdor.
  • On the night of his death, Banquo cannot sleep, fearing something will happen.
  • Malcolm too inspires loyalty.
  • Macbeth's followers fear him and desert him for Malcolm.
  • Presented as a devil.
  • He cannot say "Amen" after murdering Duncan.
  • Promotes chaos over order.
  • Murders innocent children, including Macduff's family.
  • Opposes the natural order. After he murders Duncan, unnatural events take place with the animals.
  • He is a tyrant King.
  • "Fiend of Scotland".
  • His followers fear him and eventually desert him.
  • Macbeth is presented as unfit to wear the "golden round".

Theme of Kingship

Duncan

  • Is a virtuous king - agent of God.
  • Saintly. - "God's annointed temple"
  • Trusting, however he is too trusting.
  • He trusts Macbeth straight after his last Thane of Cawdor betrayed him.
  • His death evokes sympathy in the audience, highlighting the darkness of Macbeth.
  • Core theme of "Macbeth"
  • Key characters include; Duncan, Macbeth and Malcolm.
  • Possible LC Question, know this topic well!

Godliness

  • At the time of the play, the King was seen as God's representative on earth.
  • Duncan is a prime example.
  • "God's annointed temple"
  • Duncan's death provokes unnatural events.
  • King Edward and his divine healing powers.
  • Macbeth is presented to us as a devil.
  • "Devilish Macbeth" and "Fiend of Scotland".
  • Macbeth cannot say "amen" after killing Duncan.
  • He is not the true King, and therefore is a devil.

Macbeth: Key Themes

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