Genetics & Heredity
388
1. offspring have half of each parent genes
2. The genes passed on to offspring are random!
3. Variation in traits among offspring.
Genetics & Heredity
TARGET: I can identify how traits are passed between generations.
QUIZ REVIEW
exit ticket
1. quiz review!
2. new folders!
3. genetics video!
4. survey of traits!
genetics
inspirational genetics video
assessments & notes
labs & activities
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/inheritance/
dominant & recessive Traits
LAW of DOMINANCE
VOCABULARY TO KNOW:
What determines if the trait represented by the chromosomes is the trait you see?
get pumped about genetics!
- Genetics:
7th grade traits
the science of studying genes and heredity
Survey from Monday.
class data.
BLONDE
HAIR
BROWN HAIR
- Heredity:
* inherited, hereditary
For each trait, there is one allele that dominates the other, this is called the dominant trait.
A recessive trait is not seen in the presence of a dominant trait.
passing of traits between generations
- Generations:
What color hair does this person have?
production of offspring (babies)
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/
Review of Vocabulary so far...
Genetics:
the study of genes and heredity
Heredity:
the passing of genes between generations
Generation:
the production of offspring
Homologous Pair:
pair of chromosomes that code for the same traits
Alleles:
the specific form of a trait
Dominant Allele/Trait:
an allele that overshadows/dominates another when present
Recessive Allele/Trait:
an allele that is only seen in the absence of a dominant allele
genotype vs phenotype
Genotype vs phenotype
Sex chromosomes
homozygous
&
heterozygous
Genotype:
Dominant alleles can be represented with capital letters.
Recessive alleles can be represented with lower-case letters.
what determines your sex?
Not only do you have 46 chromosomes, but you have 23 PAIRS!
These chromosomes are called "________________________."
Thursday AGENDA
homologous pairs
You receive two chromosomes for your 23rd pair of chromosomes (just like all of the others).
These chromosomes determine your sex.
There are two types: X and Y
Upon fertilization, if a zygote receives two "X" chromosomes, the baby will be a girl.
Upon fertilization, if a zygote receives an "X" and "Y" chromosome, the baby will be a BOY.
- The actual two alleles present for a trait.
EYE COLOR:
1. Review of "quality" lab answers
"location"
"same"
B = brown (dominant)
b = blue (recessive)
B
b
It's time to apply everything you've learned so far!
BB, bb
*what does it mean to meet/exceed expectations?
sample answers from inheritance lab...
- Represented by letters.
QUESTION:
How do Mary, George, Elizabeth, and Carl compare to each other?
How do Mary, George, Elizabeth, and Carl compare to their parents?
what does it mean to meet/exceed 7th grade expectations?
SAMPLE ANSWERS:
They compare because 50% comes from Mom and 50% comes from Dad.
The four children both compare to each other because they have the parent traits and there father/mother have grandmother and grandpapa traits.
* you can write a complete sentence
All the children's traits compare to their parents because they have a few chunks of DNA from each parent.
They compare to each other because they have chunks of their parents DNA and two of them are twins!
* you include details - meaning you echo the question
They would compare because your getting half of each parents DNA.
The four kids traits are compared to each other because the traits are all passed down.
Well they all come from the same parents.
* you can use evidence (your resources) to support your answers
Mary, George, Elizabeth, and Carl's traits would compare to their parents by DNA.
They compare by having the same DNA.
The children compare to each other by there mother and dad.
they don't there all random
* you can answer all parts of the question... such as why/how/explain
The four children's traits compare to each other by being similar, but not the same.
Mary, George, Elizabeth, and Carl are similar to their parents and compare to their parents by having half of their traits from each parent.
sample answers from inheritance lab...
QUESTION:
What does this activity reveal about how traits are inherited through generations?
How many of the four children inherit a trait from each one of the grandparents?
SAMPLE ANSWERS:
It's random.
4 of 4, because the parents got DNA from the grandparents.
i guess
because Mrs. Genega tought us?
Three out of four kids inherited traits from each of the grandparents.
Everyone has the same genes in every family.
Gingerbread men have a lot of kids.
They all do.
What color hair does this person have?
None of the four children inherited a trait from their grandparents.
The grandparents genes pass down from generation to generation their will always be 23 chromosomes from mom and dad
It's completely random on what DNA you get.
The four children inherite about 25% but 50% from each parent.
It tastes good.
It's colorful.
The parents inherit DNA from the grandparents which gets passed down to the offspring.
Genotype: BB, Bb
Phenotype: Brown
The generations all have the same DNA basically.
Genotype: bb
Phenotype: blue
Phenotype:
Homozygous:
A homologous pair has two of the same alleles
Heterozygous:
A homologous pair has different alleles for the same trait
2. crossword puzzle quiz
- The appearance of a trait.
* independent, but open notes!
brown hair
Bb
3. work on lab
In other words... Your sex is from genetics.
* creating high quality answers
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/chromosomes/karyotype/
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/chromosomes/diagnose/
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/activities/karyotyping/karyotyping2.html
Extra time?
AKA: You have 23 homologous pairs.
KARYOTYPES
What are they?
When do you get them?
How do you get them?
Why are they important?
2/23/16:
DO NOW:
Traits vs ALleles:
PUnnette squares & pedigrees
example
Alleles
...quickly...
Heredity part 3:
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072485949/student_view0/chapter3/interactive_activity.html
Though homologous pairs code for the same traits, they may do not have to have the same alleles.
do now:
Grab 2 DIFFERENT colored pencils of any color!
Dominant B: Brown Hair
Alleles are specific forms of a trait.
1. Take out Bikini Bottom Genetics from yesterday!
2. Get a whiteboard & marker again!
Let's continue!
NO MARKERS!!!
Recessive b: Blonde Hair
How do you know what the traits of offspring will be?
THEN...find this in your notes!
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_05/BL_05.html
TRAIT: hair color
making punnett squares NTBK
BLONDE
BRUNETTE
ALLELES:
3/5 do now:
new stuff today!
FRECKLES!
brown
blonde
BLUE EYES
1. Get a whiteboard & expo marker from back of room
2. Take out Monster Traits from yesterday...
BROWN EYES
red
black
Genotype: bb
(Homozygous Recessive)
Genotype: BB
(Homozygous Dominant)
Genotype: Bb
(Heterozygous Dominant)
Phenotype: Blonde hair
Phenotype: Brown Hair
Phenotype: Brown Hair
same
* Can you think of another example?
The chromosomes in each pair code for the ___________ set of ______________.
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/pi/
traits
http://virtuallabs.stanford.edu/life/pedigree.swf