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Indian Flow Chart

Removal of Indian Nations

Work Cited

"Chickasaw Are Removed to Indian Territory - Timeline - Native Voices." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Web. 24 Feb. 2015. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/timeline/294.html

"Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma." Removal. Web. 24 Feb. 2015. http://www.choctawnation.com/history/choctaw-nation-history/removal/removal/

"Creek Indian Removal." Encyclopedia of Alabama. Web. 24 Feb. 2015. http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-2013

"Digital History." Digital HistoryWeb. 24 Feb. 2015. http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/active_learning/explorations/indian_removal/human_meaning.cfm

"Indian Removal." PBS. PBS. Web. 24 Feb. 2015. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2959.html

"Seminole Nation, Indian Territory History & Genealogy." Seminole Nation, Indian Territory History & Genealogy. Web. 24 Feb. 2015. http://www.seminolenation-indianterritory.org/

"The Trail of Tears." PBS. PBS. Web. 24 Feb. 2015. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h1567.html

The Second Seminole War

The Second Seminole War was a cause of the forceful signing of the Payne Landing Treaty. The war was fought for seven years, from 1835 to 1842. the Seminole's were aided by runaway and fugitive slaves who they took in and helped. Eventually the Seminole retreated into the swamp areas where the government decided to let them stay as the war started to become very costly in both men and money. Thousands of lives were lost and the war ended up costing between 40 million to 60 million dollars. In the end Jackson realized it would have been cheaper to have paid the Seminole to leave for the west. Even though for the time being the United States government backed off many Seminole decided to head out west anyways ("Indian Removal").

The Cherokee - The Trail of Tears was the removal of the Cherokee from their land. The Cherokee had been forced back from their lands on multiple occasions before but this called for a complete relocation into the Indian land in Oklahoma.

The Choctaw - The treaty of Dancing Rabbit was signed in September 1830.

The Chickasaw - their migration is commonly known as the great removal. Seeing forced migration as inevitable the struck up a deal with the United States government for $500,000 in compensation, got to chose in what season they wanted to travel in, and were allowed time to pack up and take what they wanted with them from there land in Kentucky, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee into Oklahoma ("Chickasaw are removed to Indian Territory - Timeline - Native Voices").

The Creek - the Creek indians lost land in Georgia in 1825 and were given their land in Alabama back in 1826 after McIntosh, a creek, tried to sell Creek land for land out west, after insuring it was against Creek policy for McIntosh to sell the land they returned part of it. Under the Jacksonian era however, the Creek nation never signed a removal treaty ("Creek Indian Removal").

The Seminole - The Seminole forced to sign a treaty in 1832 which was ratified in 1835 called the Payne Landing Treaty which lead to the Second Seminole War ("Seminole Nation, Indian Territory History & Genealogy").

Indian Removal Act

Trail of Tears

Payne Landing Treaty

From 1838-1839 the Cherokee nation walked from their land east of the Mississippi into the Indian territory, present day Oklahoma, where all of the Indian nations forced from their land was relocated to. The year long walk was long and cost the Cherokee 4,000 lives out of 15,000 due to causes such as hunger, exhaustion, and disease ("The Trail of Tears"). In 1833 an illegitimate treaty, the Treaty of Echota, was created and signed and despite protests the treaty was ratified in 1836 and gave the Cherokee two years to move before they would take action. By 1838 only 2,000 Cherokee had moved west, so the United States Government deployed 7,000 troops to force the 16.000 left at gunpoint to move. Also without letting them have time to gather and take anything with them leaving their goods and live stock to be looted by white settlers ("Indian Removal").

The Seminole were forced to sign a treaty that made them give up their land in Florida. Angered that then the government were trying to force them out sooner than they felt the treaty called for, the treaty which was ratified in 1834 said that they must leave in three years time. The Seminole interpreted it that they had till 1837, three years after the treaty was ratified but the government demanded that they left in 1835, three years after the treaty was written ("Seminole Nation, Indian Territory History & Genealogy"). The Seminole retaliated by fighting back in what became known as the Second Seminole war.

In 1830 Jackson was able to pass an act on the removal of Native Americans into a new territory out west of the Mississippi and give the old indian land to white settlers, He decided to also give the Native Americans a choice to be able to stay in their land as long as they gave up their nation identity and instead a citizen of the state and of the United States of America. Even though there was a promise made to allow them to be able to peacefully stay in their homeland and in some cases get some money, many of these promises fell through due to land hungry white settlers and the government not sufficiently protecting the remaining Native Americans ("Indian Removal").

("Digital History").

The Removal of the Creek Indians

Treaty of Dancing Rabbit

The Creek Indians while not signing a removal treaty singed a treaty in March 1832 which allowed white settlers to have some of their land in Alabama. The government did not protect the remaining land of the Creeks and allowed white settlers to cheat them out of more land. Angered the Creeks retaliated with things as simple as stealing crops all the way up to murder. the Secretary of War angered, demanded in 1836 for the military to take action and forcefully remove the Creeks. By 1837 15,000 had migrated t Oklahoma ("Indian Removal").

The Great Removal

A deal was struck and if any Choctaw wanted to stay they could become a citizen of Mississippi and the United States of America, losing their Choctaw identity. Signing a treaty in September 1830 the War Department promised to protect the Choctaw until they moved but the War Department just could not keep the white settlers from mistreating the Choctaw and from them taking their land. In 1842 the federal government interceded and promised to reimburse the Choctaw but only if they moved out west.

October 1831 the first round of Choctaw left with about 4,000 Choctaw and arrived in March 1832. Due to bad weather and poor planning the Choctaw were made to walk a lot longer than originally planed.

Second wave of around 550 had to deal with an even longer walk, less rations, and more diseases.

Only 800 Choctaw went on the third round and encountered less difficulty than the two previous rounds ("Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma").

The Chickasaw in 1832 singed a deal that they would peacefully move if the government provides them with land out west and protection until they move. The War Department were unable to protect the Chickasaw from land hungry white settlers which forced the Chickasaw to move west sooner than planned and to have to pay the Choctaw for use of their land. They made the move winter of 1837-1838 ("Indian Removal").

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