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What events and technological advances paved the way for European explorations?

AIM: Name three technological advances that

occurred during the age of Exploration.

AIM: Why were the Europeans able to dominate the New World so quickly?

Early Exploration

Seeking New Trade Routes

MAIN IDEA: Portugal took the lead in finding a sea route to India

Coureur de bois

This was a name used to describe fur trappers, it means “runners of the woods”

Powerful Nations Emerge

Europe was a patchwork of small states until the 1400's

After, more centralized states began to emerge.

Strong Monarchs come to power in Spain, Portugal, England and France. They established national laws, courts, taxes and armies, replacing local ones. They also WANTED to increase trade and make their countries stronger & wealthier.

Technology's Impact

Many Europeans read Marco Polo's Travels when it first appeared in printed form in 1477.

Early Portuguese Voyages

Advances in technology - the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes - paved the way for European voyages of exploration.

Advances in technology - the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes - paved the way for European voyages of exploration.

Better Ships

MAGNETIC COMPASS

ASTROLABE

The origins of the compass? Originating in the Han dynasty China between 300 and 200 BC, the compass uses the magnetic poles of the earth to find magnetic north. In later years, compasses used iron needles, which were magnetized by striking them with a lodestone. By 1300 in Medieval Europe and the Islamic world, dry compasses started to emerge

ASTROLABE - as an inclinometer used to determine the latitude of a ship at sea by measuring the sun’s noon altitude (declination) or the meridian altitude of a star of known declination.

AIM: What Were The Causes & Effects of

European Exploration of the Americas?

The Portuguese goal: To find a sea route around Africa to trade directly with Asia and India.

European desire for New Trade Routes

Fierce competition between European Nations for Trade & Resources.

European Nations were growing in Wealth & Power

When Marco Polo returns from China, European interest in Asia had begun to grow.

But why?

After the fall of the Roman Empire many small Kingdoms appeared and they were controlled by the Catholic Church. Who is the Church's leader?

During the same time period, Africa and the Middle East saw the spread of the Islamic faith.

There was a fear that the Christian Holy Lands in the Middle East would be lost. The response from the Pope was to launch the Crusades in 1095. This was an effort to regain the Christian Holy Sites from the Muslims

Enslavement of Africans

Knowledge grew about other religions

Europeans and Native Americans CLASH!

Early Portuguese Voyages

The Growth of Ideas

Portugal laid the groundwork for the era of exploration. Prince Henry of Portugal, also known as Henry the Navigator, started his "school of navigation" where astronomers, geographers and mathematicians shared their knowledge with sailors and shipbuilders.

The Renaissance

Banking and the expansion of trade created wealth for Italian Merchants

Wealthy citizens now began to study the Classical past civilizations of the Ancient Greeks & Romans.

What makes something a Classic?

This french word for "rebirth" refers to the renewed interest in Classical Greek & Roman learning.

Why does it start in Italy?

Bartholomeu Dias

During the journey they encountered a two week storm that blew them off course and, afterward, did not realize he had past the southern most point of Africa.

What did they later name this southernmost point of Africa?

Bartholomeu Dias

Bartholomeu Dias was sent to explore the southernmost part of Africa and from there, to sail northeast, into the Indian Ocean.

Cultural Diffusion

The Growth of Trade

Marco Polo's book Travels, was widely read in Europe and sparked even more interest in Asia. 200 years later this book would inspire Christopher Columbus.

The Crusades brought western Europeans into contact with the Middle East.

Merchants knew they could make a fortune selling goods from Asia.

Arab merchants sold spices, sugar, silk & other goods from China & India to Europeans. As a result, European interest in Asia grew.

Wealthy Europeans clamored for spices from the East.

Europeans wanted perfumes, silks and precious stones

Merchants first bought goods from Arab traders in the Middle East

These goods were sent overland by caravan to the Mediterranean Sea.

These goods were sent by ship to Italian ports such as Venice, Genoa & Pisa. All of which prospered as centers for trade.

In 1453 the Ottoman Empire boycotted trade with the west and closed their overland routes. The result was a steep rise in prices due to the scarcity of goods. Europeans had become reliant on the goods from the east and, when the Silk Road closed, merchants needed to find new trade routes to meet the demand for these goods.

Christopher Columbus

Why was Columbus’s Voyage a Major turning point in world history?

African Kingdoms

Ghana, Mali and Songhai were among the most powerful empires in Africa.

Vasco da Gama

While Spain and England vied for western routes, Vasco da Gama, departed from Lisbon on his historic journey around the African continent to India. Watch the video to learn more about da Gama’s groundbreaking voyage around Africa and across the Indian Ocean.

"The voyage of Columbus in 1492 is a TURNING POINT in world history. After 1492, peoples and civilizations of long-separated regions began to develop connections that have led to the developing global community of our era.

Christopher Columbus was commissioned by King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella of Spain to sail west in the Atlantic.

He was hoping to find a new sea route to Asia.

Vasco da Gama - Reached Asia

Christopher Columbus - Reached "The New World"

Ferdinand Magellan - Circumnavigated the world

The Spanish conquistadors were able to quickly conquer much of Mexico and Central America. Why?

Effects of the Encounter

The European encounter with the Americas led to an exchange of ideas, customs, and technologies. Such an exchange is known as Columbian exchange

The Aztec and Inca empires were no match to the Spanish advanced military technology.

Name two major technological advances used by these Spanish conquistadors.

GOD, GOLD & GLORY!

What was the cause and effect of this change in population?

Encomienda

Spanish Colonize Latin America

Mexico & Central America

Explain why this photo is a good example of

Cultural Diffusion

ENCOMIENDA is a grant by the Spanish Crown to a conquistador/colonist who settled in the Americas the right to demand taxes or forced labor from the Native Americans living on the land.

Ghana - A Trading Empire

The Songhai Empire

Mali - A Powerful Kingdom

Mansa Musa was Mali's greatest king. In 1324 he made a pilgrimage to Mecca. When he returned he built great mosques in the capital of Timbuktu.

Located between the salt mines of the Sahara and the gold mines to the south, allowed Ghana to IMPOSE taxes on trade.

What did this do for Ghana?

The Songhai people who lived along the Niger river rose up against Mali rule and captured Timbuktu. Their leader introduced laws based on the teachings of the holy book of Islam - the QURAN

Columbian Exchange

Exploring the Americas

Exploration & Early Colonization

1400-1625

Giovanni da Verrazzano 1524

Jacques Cartier 1535

Samuel de Champlain 1604

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