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TYPES OF BILINGUALISM
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TYPES OF BILINGUALISM
SIMULTANEOUS EARLY BILINGUALISM
It refers to a child who learns two languages at the same time, from birth.
This type of bilingualism is usually found in homes where parents speak two (or more) languages.
ADDITIVE BILINGUALISM
It refers to learning a second language does not interfere with the learning of a first language. Both languages are developed. This can be contrasted to subtractive bilingualism.
SUBTRACTIVE BILINGUALISM
TYPES OF BILINGUALISM
It refers to learning a second language interferes with the learning of a first language. The second language replaces the first language.
This is commonly found in children who emigrate to a foreign country when they are young, especially in cases of orphans who are deprived of their first language input.
1- EARLY BILINGUALISM:
a) Simultaneous Bilingualism
b) Successive Bilingualism
2- LATE BILINGUALISM
3-ADDITIVE AND SUBTRACTIVE BILINGUALISM
4- PASSIVE BILINGUALISM
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PASSIVE BILINGUALISM
LATE BILINGUALISM
Passive bilingualism refers to the situation when a bilingual understands more than one language but speaks only one of them.
Often in migrant communities such as Pasifika, where there is some language shift, younger generations understand their Pasifika language well but are reluctant to speak it, sometimes because they do not feel confident in their command of the language.
Late Bilingualism refers to bilingualism when the second language is learned after the age of 6 or 7; especially when it is learned in adolescence or adulthood.
Late bilingualism occurs after the acquisition of the first language.
SUCCESSIVE EARLY BILINGUALISM
It refers to a child who has already partially acquired a first language and then learns a second language early in childhood
For example, when a child moves to an environment where the dominant language is not his native language.