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Transcript

Germany is an ally of Austro-Hungary.

When Russia mobilizes to defend Serbia against Austro-Hungary, Germany declares war on Russia.

The Ottoman Empire (modern-day Turkey) entered the war on the side of the Central Powers and gave help to a German naval bombardment of Russia.

World War I

Events leading up to US involvement

Military alliances prior to 1914

(Allied Powers)

Russia calls on its ally, France, to mobilize against Germany.

Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire

Russia

November 2, 1914

Central Powers

Allied (Entente)

Powers

Britain and Japan were allies through a treaty signed in 1902.

August 13, 1914: Japan declares war on Germany

Russia mobilizes its military to defend Serbia against Austro-Hungary

Czar Nicholas II (Romanov Dynasty)

Question: What does "mobilize" mean?

Serbia's ally, Russia, mobilizes its military to defend Serbia.

Germany

When Germany does not withdraw from Belgium, England declares war on Germany.

August 4, 1914

Britain

England

May 7, 1915

Questions?

Comments?

German U-Boats sink the RMS Lusitania

There were 128 Americans on board the Lusitania. Protests erupted against the German U-Boat campaign in the US.

The US government began debating entering the conflict in Europe. The British felt that the Americans had to declare war on Germany. However, US President Woodrow Wilson refused to overreact.

The German government justified the attack claiming it knew that the Lusitania was carrying arms and ammunition, making it a military target.

Germany

Passengers were warned of the dangers of traveling through German-targeted waters.

August 3, 1914

August 1, 1914

Germany declares war on France

German troops poured into Belgium on their way to France.

Britain and Belgium are allies.

British foreign secretary, Sir Edward Grey, sent an ultimatum to Germany demanding their immediate withdrawal from Belgium.

Japan

November 5, 1914

France

Because Britain and France were allies of Russia, both declare war on the Ottoman Empire as well

Belgium

United States

Austro-Hungarian

Empire

Austro-Hungary

April 6, 1917

US declares war on Germany.

Russia

The Austrian government blamed the Serbian government for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife and declared war on Serbia. Austro-Hungary invaded Serbia a few weeks later.

Austro-Hungary declares war on Serbia

July 28, 1914

France

Causes of World War I

In a very vague deal, Carranza got his way in 1914, and US weapons were sold to Carranza.

As the Huerta regime was crumbling, Wilson sent the US Navy to Veracruz anyway, angering Carranza despite the assistance.

Carranza triumphed over Huerta in Mexico City in August 1914.

Madero is overthrown and executed by one of his generals, Victoriano Huerta, in 1913

Venustiano Carranza is going to lead an armed opposition to Huerta as a constitutional movement. He wanted Wilson to recognize their status so the US could sell arms to them, BUT, he wants Wilson to stay out of Mexico's business.

Soldiers in support of Venustiano Carranza battling the forces of Victoriano Huerta, the dictatorial president of Mexico, in 1914, during the Mexican Revolution

Francisco Madero. Madero is going to advocate for liberty and constitutionalism. US President Wilson will support his rule until....

Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz is going to be overthrown in 1911 by....

Meanwhile, Pancho Villa mounted a challenge to Carranza and the Constitutionalists. Back by a few American interests in Mexico, Villa stirred up trouble along the border, killing American civilians in 1916 and raiding towns in New Mexico.

Mexicans demanded that Pershing withdraw, armed clashes began. US and Mexico nearly start a war, but backed off at the last minute in early 1917.

The Carranza government held elections and ratified a constitution, and the US recognized the new government in Washington DC.

Wilson sends General John J. Pershing across the border into Mexico to go after Villa (act of war?), which acts more like an occupying force than a military expedition...

ilitarism

Wait... why would Mexico want to turn against the USA in 1917?

Encrypted copy of the Zimmermann Telegram

Part of decoded Zimmermann Telegram

(in German)

Serbia

February 1917

Ottoman Empire

The Balkan states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, had been annexed from the Ottoman Empire and taken into the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

This was strongly resented by many Serbs and a nationalist/terrorist group called

The Black Hand was formed.

Italy Japan

Sarajevo

June 28, 1914

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

A Serbian nationalist student, Gavrilo Princip, assassinated the Austrian Archduke Ferdinand and his pregnant wife, when their open car stopped at a corner on its way out of Sarajevo.

The belief in building up a strong armed forces to prepare your country for war

British code-breakers intercept a telegram from Germany to Mexico. What it says outraged Americans enough to call for war.

Mexico

Italy enters WWI on the side of the Allies (Entente), breaking pre-1914 agreements with Central Powers

May 23, 1915

October 29, 1914

lliances

Italy

Ottoman

Empire

Countries agreed to support one another in case of an attack.

M

A

I

N

United States

mperialism

Policy of extending a nation's authority by gaining land an exploiting its resources

ationalism

Pride or devotion to one's country. Nationalism encouraged unity, and also would put nation against nation.

WOODROW WILSON INSTRUCTS MEXICO IN GOOD BEHAVIOR.

This 1913 cartoon from a London humor magazine captured Wilson’s moralistic tone toward other nations, and the resentments it aroused.

Wilson did not support Huerta, despite the fact he had the support of the U.S. Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson and other American business interests. Huerta goes unrecognized as the leader of Mexico.

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