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The Elizabethan Psychology - the four humours

Basic information

relation between the humours

  • Embracement of ancient Greek and Roman beliefs, myths and culture in Elizabethan era

  • now discredited medical theory:

body consists of 4 humours

  • blood, bile (Galle), black bile, yellow bile, phlegm (Schleim)

  • all 4 humours in balance healthy

  • fluids wax and wane in the body depending on diet and activity

  • surplus or deficit (imbalance) affects physical health, personality & character either positively or negatively

medical treatment

humour = 1. " bodily fluids"

2. "mood/state of mind/emotional condition"

  • all diseases and disabilities supposedly resulted from imbalances, having a negative influence
  • treatments aimed on restoring balance through controlled expulsion of fluids like blood or vomit
  • the main medical treatment used herbes

e.g. head afflictions : sweet-smelling herbs (rose, lavender)

bloodletting

the theory was closely related to the theory of the four elements: earth, fire, water and air

fluid

temperature

black bile

element

yellow bile

s

u

r

p

l

u

s

o

f

effect

season

Black Bile Cold and Dry Too much earth Melancholic Autumn

Blood Hot and Moist Too much air Sanguine Sping

Phlegm Cold and Moist Too much water Phlegmatic Winter Yellow Bile Hot and Dry Too much fire Choleric Summer

Pleghm

blood

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