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The King's Shropshire Light Infantry - 1914

Brief details of the 1st Battalion King’s Shropshire Light Infantry (16th Brigade, 6th Division) in 1914 and the part played by Ludlow men serving with the Battalion.

At the start of the War the 1st K.S.L.I. was station in Ireland, and on the 4th August 1914, when Britain came to the aid of Belgium and declared war on Germany, the Battalion started to mobilise for war. By the 20th August the Battalion had moved to Britain and concentrated in the Cambridge area, along with the rest of the 6th Division. Intensive training was carried out until 6th September.

On the 7th September, the 1st K.S.L.I. marched to Royston, and next day entrained for Southampton, where it embarked on S.S. Braemar Castle at 2 p.m., along with the 1st Leicestershire Regiment. It disembarked at St. Nazaire 8 p.m. on the 10th, with the strength of twenty-seven officers; one warrant officer and 969 other ranks under the Command of Lt.-Colonel C. P. Higginson.

The following Ludlow men are known to of Landed with the Battalion:-

10346 Pte. John Henry, Baron

7768C. Q.M.S. Edward, Bird (Later became Officer)

9622 Pte. John Edward, Blakeway

8093 Sgt. George, Brocklehurst

8925 Pte. George Arthur, Brown

7472 Pte. Herbert, Evans

8880 L/Cpl. Charles, Francis (Real name may have been Francis, Pound –nickname Tiddy Pound).

8065 Cpl. George, Henson

7189 Pte. William, Hicks (from Overton)

7997 Pte. James, Morris

10345 Pte. Samuel Frederick, Nott

10114 Pte. Edward, Preece

9805 C.S.M. George, Rogers

10302 Pte. Frank, Williams

8055 Cpl. James, Wylde

The Battalion made its way towards the Aisne, crossing the river just south-east of Vailly at 10 p.m. on 21st September 1914. The 16th Brigade had started to relieve the battered 7th and 9th Brigades. The country in this area is very hilly, and after crossing the river the Battalion started to make its way up the step hillside to the trenches held by the 1st Wiltshire Regiment on a Plato about a quarter of a mile north-east of Vailly and relieved the left part of that battalion. Luckily for the Battalion the fight which had been raging since the 9th September had now died down. During its stay in this part of the line it only lost one man killed, with one officer and seven men wounded, even thou it was shelled and sniped at daily. By 1st October the British forces on the Aisne had started to move north in an attempt, along with the French to out flank the German Armies, who in turn were trying to out flank the Allies. The 6th Division had to fill the space of the units moving out of the line, and the 1st K.S.L.I. handed its trenches over to the 3rd Coldstream Guards, so that it could move to trenches half a mile west of Vailly. They remained in these trenches until the night of the 12th/13th October, when it was their turn to move north. The Battalions casualties since 1st October were two men killed and five wounded, also two men had shot off their own right forefingers (their trigger finger).

To make up its strength a draft of 61 other ranks joined the Battalion, 8019 Pte. John, Lloyd and 8273 Pte. William, Hughes of Ludlow are likely to have been among them (both had landed in France on 20th September).

Meanwhile in the north, neither the Allies nor German units had been able to secure a strategic advantage, has units arrived on the western flank in synchronies succession each had checked the other.

The 6th Division became involved in the fighting on the 18th October but the K.S.L.I. now in the Bois Grenier area, south of Armentieres did not become involved until the 20th October. During the day they had been digging support trenches covering le Quesne Farm, when they were heavily shelled between 3 p.m. and 5 p.m. The Battalion returned to Bois Grenier, arriving at 11.30 p.m., and placed in Divisional Reserve. However at midnight, the K.S.L.I. was sent back to the trenches they had just dug. Due to the German pressure, the troops in front of the K.S.L.I. were withdrawn and the Shropshires now became the front line.

Ludlow Market Square War Memorial

By dawn on the 21st October, the K.S.L.I.’s line ran from the Culvert under the railway line, south of la Houssoie to a point just south of Bois Blancs on the right.

Over the next five days the Battalion was involved in heavy fighting, the 23rd October seeing the heaviest, with the Battalion stopping a Germany assault on its trenches at the wire, a small handful did manage to get into the Battalions lines but all were shot dead. Over 200 dead Germans were counted in close proximity of its trenches, including two officers.

The fighting continued until the 25th October, when the Brigade withdrew to a better line of trenches some 500 yards in rear, on the line Touquet-Flamengrie Farm-Rue du Bois. The Battalions casualties had been high over the last fives days; it suffered the loss of 3 officers killed, 7 wounded, and 78 other ranks killed and 119 wounded. One of those killed was 10346 Pte. John Henry, Baron, who was killed on the 23rdOctober, shot in the head and died instantly, according to his mate, 10114 Pte. Edward, Preece, in a letter to home.

World War 1

1914-1918

Military

The above photograph (courtesy of Shrewsbury Museum) was taken four days after war was declared.

World War 1 Boards

Military Personnel Who Served in WWI

The Battalion remained in the Grande Flamengrie Farm-Rue du Bois sector for the rest of 1914. During this time 8925 Pte. George Arthur, Brown was killed, while the Battalion were in trenches at Rue du Bois on the 10th November. It is likely Pte. Brown was hit by a snipers bullet because German snipers were active that day with four men being hit, three of whom died soon after being hit.

Two Ludlow men were also wounded during November 1914, at the time of writing I do not know the dates they were wounded but one 10345 Pte. Samuel Frederick, Nott died of his wounds at Boulogne on the 28th November and the other 8273 Pte. William, Hughes was sent back to the UK on the 29th November with serious wounds. Looking at the Battalion war diary only two men were wounded in late November, one on the 24th and one on the 25th, while in trenches between Grande Flamengrie Farm and Rue de Bois (it can not be ruled out that either of them was wounded earlier in November).

The following Ludlow men are known to have joined the 1st Battalion in November 1914:-

10360 Pte. John Thomas, Powell

5188 Pte. George, Edwards

5189 L/Cpl. William, Minton

The following Ludlow men landed in France in December 1914 but most probably did not join the 1st Battalion until February 1915.

5883 Pte. Frederick, Ellis

6083 Pte. Thomas, Everall

6318L/Sgt. Edward, Lockett

6084 Pte. John, Massey

6250 Pte. Edward, Morgan

6138 Pte. John Edward, Rogers

Copyright Annette Burgoyne January 2014

1914

25 World War 1 memorial boards have been given to Ludlow Town Council, which are now under restoration and are getting prepared to be displayed in the Guildhall, Ludlow.

The first 21 boards list the residents of Ludlow who enlisted between 1914 - 1918.

John Henry Baron

The 1911 census records that John was aged 16 and living in Old Street with his Mother, Jane Henn who was married to Henry Henn. John's occupation is listed as upholsters errand boy, while his Stepfather is listed as a general labourer.

George Arthur Brown

George was the son of Thomas and Elizabeth Brown, who lived on Broad Street in Ludlow. George was born at Baschurch, Shrewsbury, however in the 1911 Census he is no longer living at home with his parents, who are living at Montford, Shrewsbury. George would have been around 19 and possibly working in service as his younger brother Harry is listed as being a Footman and his younger sister Sarah a general domestic servant.

Walter Stanley Hughes

Walter was the son of Joseph and Elizabeth Hughes born around 1899. The 1901 census records that he was born in Leominster, Herefordshire. His Father Joseph was an Oil Merchant and Walter joined the family business along with his older and younger brothers, Alfred and Leonard.

Charles Ricketts

Very little is known about Charles Ricketts. There is no record in the 1911 census of him having lived in the Ludlow area, however it was quite common for people to be listed as visitors on a census in other Towns and addresses to those where they were born.

Samuel Frederick Nott - died 28th November 1914 at Boulogne

1st Battalion, King's Shropshire Light Infantry (Private 10345)

John Henry Baron - killed in action 23rd October 1914

1st Battalion, Kings Shropshire Light Infantry (10346 Private)

George Arthur Brown - killed in action 10th November 1914

B Company, 1st Battalion, King's Shropshire Light Infantry (8925 Private)

Both Samuel Nott and John Baron enlisted sometime between 22nd October and 4th November 1913. It is likely that they enlisted together given their numbers. Both embarked on S.S Braemar Castle at 2.00pm on the 10th September 1914, along with the rest of the 1st Batallion K.S.L.I. It disembarked at St Nazaire 8.00pm with the strength of 27 Officers; one Warrant Officer and 969 other ranks under the command of Lt-Colnel C. P. Higginson. It is highly likely that they both saw action at Vailly between 21st September and 12th October 1914. According to a letter from Pte 10114 Edward Preece of 55 Corve Street he mentions that Pte Baron died instantly.

Pte Brown enlisted around mid-March 1908 and like Baron and Nott he landed with 1st Battalion on 10th September and would have seen his first action at Vailly.

Charles Ricketts - killed in action 29th October 1914

3rd Battalion, Worcestershire Regiment (12966 Corporal)

Walter Stanley Hughes - died 18th November 1914

1st Signal Company, Royal Engineers (Driver 23236 - formerly 8599 Worcestershire Regiment)

Samuel Frederick Nott

Samuel was born to parents Samuel and Jane Nott around 1895. He was one of three children and the 1911 Census records that he was a Grocers Assistant, while his Father was a retired Engine Driver. Their home was 13 New Street, Ludlow.

The following memorial board lists all of the residents of Ludlow who lost their lives in the war.

A small white, around 1897. Pigs were scarce in 1914. Photograph from Wikipedia.

View from Gallows Bank, Ludlow

Weather/Environment 1914

The Times Newspaper - 11th May 1914

The Times Newspaper on the 11th May 1914 reported two issues. The first was the shortage of pigs, due to swine flu and the second issue was the weather.

The winter of 1913-14 had been a dry one and crops were beginning to suffer but the downpours of rain had helped to alleviate what could have been a disastrous year in some areas. However destructive frosts were reported in the Vale of Evesham and Ludlow.

The full article can be found on the left but scroll in well, the Times only did small print in 1914.

General Information

Admission to a Workhouse

In 1601 Government passed the Poor Relief Act, which allowed Parish Officials the legal powers to collect money from rate payers to be spent on poor relief of the sick, infirm and elderly. This was initially provided as food handouts.

In his book The Story of the Ludlow Workhouse, Derek Williams describes that following the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act, a Poor Law Union was formed from grouping of parishes for administering poor relief. Three Poor Law Commissioners were appointed under the Act to run the new poor law and established a network of Poor Law Unions across England and Wales. Every Union consisted of about 30 Parishes and were answerable to the Poor Law Commissioners in London.

Members of the Parish were elected each year by the electorate to form the Board of Guardians. They set the poor rate for each Parish in their union and decided how the money should be spent.

Henry Rock

Born 1874 - Died 21st September 1914

Buried at Henley Road Cemetery, Section B, Row 11, Plot 894

Porter at Ludlow Union Workhouse

Henry Rock was born in 1874 Leintwardine, Herefordshire. The last census available in 1911 shows Henry living and working at the Ludlow Union Workhouse as a Workhouse Porter.

Ten years earlier, the 1901 census shows that Henry was working at the Workhouse. However, neither the 1891 or 1881 census have been located.

Sadly Henry died aged 48 in 1914 at St Thomas’s Hospital, Lambeth London. His death certificate shows that he was of the Officers Quarters of the Work House Ludlow and was a Workhouse Porter. How he came to be in London we shall never know. One note is that his death certificate records his age in 1914 as being 48 but on the 1911 census 3 years earlier his age is recorded as 38 making him only 41 in 1914. There could be two possibilities, one that Henry wasn’t sure how old he was, or there may have been a clerical error.

Sadly his death certificate records that he primarily died of multiple periostitis with ulceration.

Periostitis, is also known as periostalgia, and is caused by inflammation of the periosteum, a layer of connective tissue that surrounds bone.

He also had secondary Pyaemia.

Pyaemia (or pyemia) is a type of septicaemia that leads to widespread abscesses of a metastatic nature. It is usually caused by the staphylococcus bacteria by pus forming organisms in the blood and almost universally fatal prior to anti-biotics and also in Henry’s case.

Henry’s death was registered in London on the 21st September 1914 and he now rests in Ludlow Cemetery in Plot B

Admission to a workhouse was generally voluntary and those applying to the workhouse tended to be in financial hardship and unable to support themselves and/or their family. Families which arrived together would be expected to leave together (which meant that a man could not abandon his family) and each person was known as an ‘inmate’.

The Board of Guardians could however, discharge any inmate they perceived would be capable of supporting themselves in paid employment.

About this site:-

1914 commemorates the start of WWI and also the opening of Henley Road Cemetery. This presentation aims to remember those who served and fell in WWI in 1914 and also those who were buried in Henley Road Cemetery in 1914. Additional information on those who served in WWI and were buried in the Cemetery in 1915 are planned. If you have any information you wish to submit please contact Ludlow Town Council, 01584 871970 or email assistant@ludlow.gov.uk Instructions on how to navigate this site are below.

Work House

Chapel, Henley Road Cemetery

Ludlow Union Workhouse 1839-1929

The Master & Mistress of the Workhouse

St Laurence's Church

The man in charge of the day-to-day running of the Workhouse was known as the Master; however duties were split between him and the Mistress or Matron. The Master would generally tend to the male inmates and the Mistress the female inmates, children and the sick. According to Peter Higginbottom’s Encyclopaedia on Workhouses, some of the Masters duties would include:-

• Keeping a register of all the paupers admitted,

• Maintaining discipline,

• Reading prayers to the paupers before breakfast and after supper,

• Providing and enforcing the employment of the able-bodied paupers during the hours of labour,

• Training the youth and keeping the partially disabled paupers occupied to the extent of their ability and preventing idleness at all time,

• Reporting regularly to the Board of Guardians,

• Procuring provisions and work material,

• Supplying the names of boys and girls suitable for permanent employment outside the workhouse e.g. service, trades etc,

• Notifying the Medical Officer of death,

• Burying paupers not removed by family or friends and charging the cost to the electoral division to which the deceased belonged.

In his book The Story of the Ludlow Workhouse, Derek Williams describes Matthew Stead, the local architect who designed the Ludlow Union Workhouse in 1834. Matthew Stead and his Father, Matthew Stead Senior supervised its construction. Plans of the workhouse can be seen in Shropshire Archives. He explains the building was similar to the guidelines laid down by the Poor Law Commission and designed by Jeremy Bentham.

Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher and social theorist. The Panoptican concept of his design was to allow a watchman to observe (-opticon) all (pan-) inmates of an institution without them being able to tell whether they are being watched or not. The name is also a reference to Panoptes from Greek mythology; he was a giant with a hundred eyes and thus was known to be a very effective watchman. His design was used for both workhouses and prisons.

Wikipedia describes the design consisting of a circular structure with an “inspection house” at its centre, from which the managers and staff of the institution were able to watch the inmates, stationed around the perimeter. Bentham himself described the Panopticon as “a new mode of obtaining power of mind over mind, in a quantity hitherto without example.” Elsewhere, he described the Panopticon prison as “a mill for grinding rogues honest”.

An aerial example of Bentham’s panoptic design is to the right and shows Millbank Penitentiary, London, in 1891. This is now the site of Tate Britain and Chelsea College of Art and Design.

Derek Williams in his book describes that the Guardians made changes to the Bentham design of the Workhouse such as using open fireplaces as opposed to central heating and also initially scrapped the central inspection house, which was later re-instated. This meant that the Workhouse took longer to build and cost more than the average workhouse which was £5,000 bringing the total to £6,750, and was double the original estimate.

Schools

The poor law policy until 1865 was for each Workhouse was to have a workhouse school. After this date there was a drive to reduce the amount of children in workhouses with children being boarded out with respectable families. With this in mind the workhouse school in the Ludlow workhouse closed in 1889. After this time children went to the two National local schools.

Master and Matron

Between 1839-1929 had ten masters and matrons, a full list can be founding Derek Williams book.

The Panoptican

Ludlow Cemetery, Henley Road

opened 1914

Life in Ludlow 1914

Electric Crane Drivers

1914

During 1914-18 the occupation Electric Crane Driver could apply to either traditional building construction as we know it or in relation to ammunition factories. Women often worked in factories as the photograph below shows.

Health and safety precautions were poor and not as they are today, so accidents were common.

What follows is a report from the Earlestown Guardian from Friday 13 September 1918 regarding the death of a female Crane Driver.

Photograph from http://landships.activeboard.com

Professional people

Emily Gaskarth

On the 13th January 1913 the new cemetery at Henley Road, known at Ludlow Cemetery was sanctioned. The land was purchased from a Mr Francis Ernest Marston of Writhdir Hall, Montgomeryshire.

Ludlow Cemetery was opened in 1914 with the first internment taking place on the 17th June 1914.

Earlestown Guardian, Issue dated Friday,

September 13, 1918

Accident at Vulcan Foundry

Female Crane Driver Killed

George Woolley

George was born around 1838 in Shrewsbury and married Phillis around 1868. They had one child Ethel Phillis around 1869. George’s profession is listed in 1901 as Printer National Bookseller. George had his own business and earned enough to have a servant Lily M. Overton, who is listed a local servants daughter. By 1911 Lily had moved on and had been replaced Elizabeth. During this 20 year period the family lived at no. 6 Corve Street. When George died on the 4th October 1914 he left £5632 3s 9d, although this figure was resworn and had been £57 more initially. The figure of £5632 3s 9d in 2011 this would have equated to £448,000 – this was left to his widow Phillis and his daughter Ethel Phillis Woolley who never married.

History

Ellen Gilkes (ne:Stump)

Born 1860 - Died 14th June 1914

Buried at Henley Road Cemetery, Section B, Row 13, Plot 966

Ellen Stump was born in 1860 to parents Captain Reuben and Margaret Stump. They lived in Lystra Stevenson, Baltimore Co. Maryland USA. This would have been prior to the commencement of the American Civil War which started in 1861 and lasted until 1865.

The US Federal Census information for 1870 records that Reuben was aged 50 and his wife Margaret was 38 and at this time they had six children, William, Ellen, Norman, Christopher, Reuben and Alice. Reuben’s profession has been listed as Farmer with the value of the Real estate listed as $15,000 and a value of personal estate as $600. In 2012 this would be equivalent to $427,000 and a personal estate of $17,100. Margaret is listed as keeping house, it is more than feasible that all the children would have worked on the farm.

The US Federal Census information for 1880 show that Margaret is listed as the head of the household. Reuben had died in 1876.

Ellen married Malin D’oyley Gilkes in 1892. No evidence has yet been found as to where they married, however, Malin was born in Leominster, Herefordshire. As Ellen’s Mother (Margaret’s) Family were original English (the surname of Wilson), it may be that Ellen met Malin while visiting family in the UK.

The 1901 Census shows that Ellen was 42 and married to Malin D’oyley Gilkes who was a surgeon living at 23 Broad Street, Ludlow with his own business. They had two children, a daughter and son and would have been seen as well off as the household included a governess, cook and housemaid.

The 1911 Census shows that Malin is listed as a Surgeon but also as a General Practitioner, their daughter Margaret was still living at home and was single at the age of 18. There is no record of their son Norman, living at this address however, he served in WWI and was a gunner in the Royal Garrison Artillery. He died at the age of 25 in 1918 and is buried at the Terlincthun British Cemetery, Wimille in France.

Ellen did not outlive her son passing away in 1914. An obituary was placed in the Times newspaper on the 18th June 1914 and she is buried at the Henley Road Cemetery, Section B, row 13, Plot 966.

Her husband Malin dissolved his Practice in 1917 and this was advertised in the London Gazette on the 16th November 1917. He would have been 63. Malin passed away on the 25th January 1928. His address listed in the probate information is Orleton Manor, Nr Ludlow. He left his effects to his daughter Margaret Wilson Hill who had married John Arthur Hill, leaving her with £3,642 11s 3d this would have been equivalent to £180,100 in 2012.

Emily was born in Ludlow in 1876 and married John Gaskarth in 1902. Information before this period is unknown. Her husband John however we know in 1911 was living in Liverpool and working as an Electric Crane Driver, although he himself had been born in Keswick in the Lake District.

In 1911 Emily and John were living at 1 Leonora Street, Dingle, Liverpool. Old photographs on the Liverpool Picturebook show traditional style terraced homes for Leonora Street, which no longer exist and are similar to those used in the BBC TV series Bread.

Dingle is an area entirely within the boundaries of the old Toxteth Park. In the 1850s the Dingle area was purely rural. Liverpool lay to the north west, but this was an area of large houses, vast gardens, babbling streams and a long beach. It was a mainly Protestant area which developed from the influx of Welsh settlers, whilst the north end of Liverpool such as Everton and Vauxhall was settled by Irish immigrants, and became mainly Catholic.

Dingle is the last of the southern inner-city districts of Liverpool. Further south of Dingle are the suburbs. This area is traditionally working class, housing being mostly terraced, although many of the terraced streets are being pulled down to make room for more modern development.

Mr. S. Brighouse, County Coroner, conducted an inquiry at the Warrington Police Station on Saturday last concerning the death of Martha Hampson Huxley, a crane driver employed at the Vulcan Foundry, Earlestown. Mr. H.E.Brothers, His Majesty’s Inspector of Factories, watched the proceedings on behalf of the Government. Mr. Healey, Solicitor, Earlestown, represented the firm, and Mr. J. Longland, solicitor, Warrington appeared for the relatives.

Mary Lilian Huxley, widow of James Hampson Huxley, 30 Barry Street, Warrington said the deceased was her daughter. She had been employed at the Vulcan Foundry for 18 months, and during the last eleven months had been driving a crane. She left her home at 5 a.m. on 4th instant, and in the evening at 8.30 she (the witness) was informed that the deceased had met with an accident.

She went to the Warrington Infirmary where she saw her, remaining all night with her. Witness added that she was present when her daughter died on the following day.

Mary Frazer, a crane driver employed at the Vulcan Foundry, said that on the 4th instant she was driving an electric overhead crane. At seven o’clock she “backed” her crane to allow Huxley’s crane enough room to discharge it’s load – when the load had been deposited she moved her crane forward, and, when she had only gone about four feet she felt an obstruction and heard the deceased scream.

Witness stopped her machine and when she got out of the driver’s box she saw Huxley pinned between the column and the crane. William Taylor, a chargehand employed at the Vulcan Foundry, said he was working when he heard a scream which appeared to come from overhead. He went to the ladder leading to the overhead cranes, and when he reached the top he looked round and saw the deceased clinging to the pillar. He immediately went for assistance. Huxley was conveyed to the works ambulance room and attended to by the doctor, who instructed them to send her to the Warrington Infirmary.

A verdict of “death from misadventure” was returned, the jury expressing their sympathy with the mother. Mr. Healey, on behalf of the Vulcan Foundry, expressed their sympathy with the relatives. The deceased was, he said, one of the best crane drivers the firm employed, and was a most careful girl.

(extracted from microfilm records at Newton-le-Willows Library, Crow Lane East,

Newton-le-Willows - http://www.enuii.org/vulcan_foundry)

Buried at Henley Road Cemetery, Section B, Row 10, Plot 583

Emily Gasgarth

Born 1876 - Died 1914

Emily was born in Ludlow in 1876 and married John Gaskarth in 1902. Information before this period is unknown. More information about Emily and her husband can be found under Life in Ludlow.

George Asker Davis

Born 1857

Died 3rd November 1914

Buried at Henley Road Cemetery, Section C, Row 1, Plot 1003

George Asker Davis was born at Dawley near Ironbridge, in 1857. The 1911 census records show that he was living at King Street and his profession was a Bank Manager.

In 1911 the United counties Bank was at No. 3 King Street, Ludlow, which is now Barclays Bank.

George was unmarried in 1911 aged 54 but married Constance Ethel Tirebuck in 1913 he was well off enough to live in Dinham Lodge. The Probate and Wills records show that he left Constance a sum of £890 0s and 5d equivalent to £70,090 in 2011.

Betty Louise Pugh

Born 1912 - Died 1914

Very little is known about Betty, as it is recorded that she was only 21 months old when she died. Her address is listed as 61 Old Street Ludlow. The 1911 Census records a George and Annie Pugh living at the address. George is an Insurance Salesman. They are listed as having one child at this time, Gwendoline who is one month old.

Henry Rock

Born 1874 - Died 1914

Buried at Henley Road Cemetery, Section B, Row 11, Plot 894

More information can be found about Henry Rock under the Workhouse.

Factory Life

George Woolley

Born 1837 - Died 4th October 1914

Buried at Henley Road Cemetery, Plot B, Row 13, Plot 968

George Woolley was a Printer and Bookseller in Ludlow. More information can be found under Professional people.

Photograph courtesy of David Ross

Baltimore County

Baltimore County is a county located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2010 census, the population was 805,029. It is part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. Its county seat since 1854 has been Towson. The name of the county was derived from the barony of the Proprietor of the Maryland colony, Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, and the town of "Baltimore" in County Longford, Ireland. Baltimore County no longer includes the City of Baltimore (Port established - 1706, Town founded - 1729, became "county seat" of Baltimore County - 1767, Incorporated as City - 1797, Annexed territory from County on west, north and east sides in 1818 and 1888, Left County to become an independent city in 1851, Last Annexation of land from Baltimore County on west, north, and east; and south from Anne Arundel County in 1919).

Much of Baltimore County is suburban in character, straddling the border between the Piedmont plateau and, in the southern regions of the county, the Atlantic coastal plain. Northern Baltimore County is primarily rural, with a landscape of rolling hills and deciduous forests characteristic of the Southeastern mixed forests.

Baltimore city grew rapidly, becoming the largest city in the American South. It dominated the American flour trade after 1800 due to the milling technology of Oliver Evans, the introduction of steam power in processing, and the merchant-millers' development of drying processes which greatly retarded spoilage. Still, by 1830 New York City's competition was felt keenly, and Baltimoreans were hard-pressed to match the merchantability standards despite more rigorous inspection controls than earlier, nor could they match the greater financial resources of their northern rivals.

Information provided by Wikipedia 2013

Those buried in 1914 include the following:-

Ellen Gilkes

Emily Gasgarth

Betty Louise Pugh

Henry Rock

George Woolley

George Edward Arden Davies

Martha Griffiths

Kate Spear

Thomas Currie

Samuel Enoch Wall

Wilfred Loughley Dodson

Pint Glasses

Either pewter or ceramic pint glasses were used in pubs around the turn of the century. An image of a pewter tanker is below for information from Wikipedia.

Maryland County USA

George & Martha Griffiths

George Born 1837 - Died 1914

Buried at Henley Road Cemetery Section B, Row 12, Plot 931

George and Martha Griffiths ran the Queens Head Inn, Lower Galdeford Ludlow. It is still a pub today but is simply called the Queens. The had two children, Jessie and Herbert. The 1901 census shows the whole family working at the Queens Head Inn with Jessie as a Barmaid and Herbert as the Ostler Groom. There is quite an age gap between both children of 14 years. Ten years later on the 1911 Census indicate that Herbert has passed away and the family have a servant carrying out the Ostler duties. The occupation of Inn keeper must have been in George's blood as he was the Inn Keeper for the Raven Inn on Gravel Hill in 1881, now a small convenience store. In 1871 it is recorded that Mary was keeping a refreshments room.

George was 77 when he died and he is buried at Henley Road Cemetery, Plot B, row 12, plot 931. He and Martha had been married for around 43 years.

example of an 1860 American census

Baltimore County Courthouse built 1855.

Images from wikipedia

Thomas Dunlop Currie

Born 1853 - Died 28th November 1914

Buried at Henley Road Cemetery, Section B, Row 9, Plot 822

Thomas Dunlop Currie was born in 1853 in Scotland. He married Christina.

The 1901 census show that the family were living in Holbeck, Leeds with his own business listed as Master Tailor, self-employed. He is married to Christina and has three sons and two daughters. Donald, his eldest son aged 23 is listed as a Tailor’s Cutter, Thomas D Currie 19, a Tailor’s Trimmer. His daughters Mary and Christina, aged 19 and 13, have no profession listed however his youngest son Donald aged 17 is listed as being a Commercial Clerk.

By 1911 Thomas' son, Donald had his own Tailors business in Leeds, was married and had a daughter. Thomas' son Thomas joined the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1918. His listing papers record that he was still a Tailor's Trimmer.

Thomas Dunlop senior died in 28th November 1914 aged 61 and was living at 1 Gravel Hill, Ludlow. He left a sum of £105 to his son Donald Currie. This would equate to £8,269 in 2011. There is no mention of any other relatives in the probate information.

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Kate Spear

Born 1844 - Died 1914

Buried at Henley Road Cemetery, Section B, Row 11, Plot 895

Kate was born in 1844 in Princethorpe, Warwickshire and married Caleb Spear in 1867.

The earliest census found is 1871, by this time she had married Caleb, who was a painter. They were lodging with John and Gemma Pardoe and their 5 children at 143 Lower Galdeford. They had one son at this stage, William who was 1. There is also a Joshua Spear at the same address, as a boarder who may be a relation of Caleb and his occupation is mason.

By 1881 Kate and Caleb had moved to 64 Lower Galdeford and have four children living in the home, Caleb junior aged 12, Samuel aged 9, Arthur aged 5 and Kate junior aged 2. Other than Caleb junior who was born in Tenbury Wells, the rest of the children were born in Ludlow.

By 1891 the family had moved to 96 Old Street and their first born, William is living in the family home again, aged 21 and his occupation is House Painter the same as his Father Caleb, as is Samuel now aged 19. How Arthur happened upon his job aged 14, we shall probably never know but he is down as a Circus Assistant, while Kate the youngest daughter is still a scholar at 12.

Ten years on the family still resided at 96 Old Street and three children are listed. Caleb’s profession is now shown as Painter and Decorator, along with Arthur whose days helping with the Circus appear long gone. The youngest daughter Kate is now employed as a dressmaker. There is also a grandson in the family William J Spear aged 5 living with the family.

The 1911 Census shows that Kate and Caleb living with their son Samuel and daughter-in-law Louisa and their 4 children, at 54a School View, Lower Galdeford. Although Caleb is 70 his occupation is listed as House Painter and still working. Kate at this stage is listed as being 68. She and Caleb had been married for 44 years.

Kate died at the age of 70 and her address is noted as 15 Rock Lane, Ludlow.

As World War I broke out in July of 1914, the British army needed fabric for the war effort and people desired less frills. Image above wikipedia.

Samuel Enoch Wall

Born 1857 - Died 1914

Buried at Henley Road Cemetery, Section E, Row 4, Plot 453

Samuel was born in 1857 at Munslow to Philip and Mary Wall, Philip was a labourer. In 1882 he married Mary Ann Saunders at the Parish Church in Hammersmith, London.

The 1891 census shows him as living at 13 Glasdon Road, Wimbledon as a lodger and his occupation is listed as Inspector Exchange Telegraph. It shows that he is married however his wife is not lodging with him at this address.

There is a similar picture in the next census for 1901. Samuel is still on the census as being married but living at 1 Carlton Road, All Saints, Wimbledon and his occupation again is Telegraph Inspector.

The 1911 census is rather intriguing as he is listed as living at 1 Cresswell Road, South Norwood, London. Again, he is listed as having been married for 28 years and having two children. To date details of his wife and family have not been found.

Samuel died at the age of 59. His address is listed as 52 Gravel Hill, Ludlow.

A poster from 1900 advertising the Barnum & Bailey Circus. Image from Wikipedia.

In December 1898, the Marconi Company opened the first wireless factory at Chelmsford in Essex. Marconi stations in the United Kingdom would be the first to be received internationally in France. By 1901 Marconi had stations around the UK. The station in Poldhu, Cornwall sent a trans-atlantic message to St. John's in the Dominion of Newfoundland, a distance of 1800 miles.

In 1914, the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company constructed a 400 KW wireless transmitting station (callsign MUU) in Caernarvon to send trans-Atlantic messages to the US from ten 400-foot masts atop Cefndu mountain in Snowdonia. The station served throughout World War I and remained in operation until 1939.

Wilfred Longley Dodgson

Born 1838 – Died 25th December 1914

Buried at Henley Road Cemetery, Section C, Row 7, Plot 1225

Wilfred by was born in 1838 in Daresbury, Cheshire to parents Charles Dodgson and Frances Jane Lutwidge being one of 11 children.

The 1851 census shows that he was living at Croft in Yorkshire with his parents and was a scholar. His Father Charles is shown as being a rector. By 1861, the census reflects that he was boarding at Fairfield, Derbyshire and indicates that he was a scholar at an Oxford College. By 1871 he was living with his Brother, Frances in Guildford and was Surveyor.

By 1881 he had moved to the Court at Cleobury North in Shropshire and his profession is listed as Estate Agent/Surveyor. There is no sign of his wife Alice, although we know that she was 12 years his junior, his age is noted as 40.

The 1891 census shows that Alice was living with her sister in Shrewsbury. It is not recorded whether or not she was visiting at the time or living there. Wilfred is listed as residing still at the Court Cleobury North and still as an Estate Agent and Surveyor.

By 1901 the family were still living at the Court at Cleobury North and they are listed as having 4 children, Edith 28, Lucy 26, Beatrice, 18 and Gladys 14. They also had two boarders in the home, Percy Horsfall and Hugh Spender, along with a visitor Caroline Jexton plus an additional 4 servants which included a cook, parlour maid, housemaid and kitchen maid.

The 1911 census records Wilfred at being 72 and living with his wife and his sister Elizabeth Lucy Dodgson at the Chestnuts, Guildford, Surrey. Wilfred is not listed as retired and still holds the profession of Land Agent and Surveyor.

It is not certain when Wilfred married Alice Donkin. However, he died on the 25th December 1914 at the age of 76. His address is listed as The Croft, Julian Road, Ludlow. When he died his estate went through probate and his effects of £131 9s 3d were left to his widow Alice and also Charles Hassard Wilfred Dodgson, Estate Agent. In 2012 this would have equated to £68,650.

Wilfred’s older brother Charles Lutwidge Dodgson is better known as Lewis Carroll, the author of Alice in Wonderland.

Wilfred’s son Reginald Henry Lutwidge Dodgson served in WWI as a Lieutenant for the Royal Defence Corps. Reginald died on the 14th March 1918 and is also buried at Henley Road Cemetery.

Horseshoe Weir, Ludford

The Feathers Hotel, Ludlow

Alice in Wonderland

written by Lewis Carroll (born Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) brother of Wilfred Longley Dodgson

Photograph of Wilfred Longley Dodgson

provided by Sheila Kirk

Thanks, acknowledgments and Resources:-

Ancestry

Wikipedia

The Times Newspapers Archive

The Ludlow Tower Shall Fall - Clive Richardson

The Ludlow Workhouse - Derek Williams

Annette Burgoyne

Oliver Smith

Sheila Kirk

Henry Rock is located

in this plot

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