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Citations

"Images." Met Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 May 2014. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/h2/h2_1980.263.4.jpg>.

"Trade Routes." University of Dayton. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 May 2014. <http://academic.udayton.edu/williamschuerman/Trade_Routes.jpg>.

"Starry Night." Capturing Capacity. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 May 2014. <http://capturingcapacitydotcom1.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/starry_night_1889.jpg>.

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Medieval Europe

  • Feudalism as main social structure
  • Church has a lot of control
  • The Crusades occur
  • Religion extremely important
  • The Black Death kills many
  • Improper medical ideas
  • Introduction of court system
  • Constitution of Clarendon: wrote out the Kings traditional rights
  • Magna Carta: Protected rights of nobles
  • Model Parliament: included church officials and commoners to government system
  • Hundred Years' War weakens feudalism

Renaissance & Reformation to Modern Age

  • Desire for prosperity and more trade
  • Wanting to spread Christianity
  • Advances in Cartography
  • Europeans rediscovered Greek texts on various fields of science
  • Hankering to attain Asian spices which were expensive because only Italians and Muslims controlled trade routes to Asia
  • Rationalism: Use of reason and logic

Medieval Europe to Renaissance

  • Increase in trade and commerce
  • Growth of cities
  • Wealthy people supported art and learning
  • Renewed interest in ancient ideas
  • Development of Humanism
  • Uniqueness of city-states

Reformation

  • The 95 Theses by Martin Luther talked about the corruption within the Church
  • Questioning of the Churches authority
  • Ideas about following Christ rather than the Pope
  • Some New Protestant Churches:
  • Lutheranism: Emphasized that only the Bibles teachings gave religious guidance
  • Calvinism: Emphasized that people should live according to Gods law and everyone has a destiny
  • Anglicanism: The monarch interpreted the Bible, but it was up to an individual to decide how to live their spiritual life

Scientific Revolution

  • Creation of "Heliocentric theory": Sun at center of solar system
  • Finding of Jupiter's Galilean moons
  • Discovery of Gravity
  • Laws of motion
  • Differential Calculus
  • Creation of Scientific Method
  • Inventions
  • Thermometer
  • Microscope
  • Barometer

Renaissance

  • Advances in:
  • Architecture and Engineering
  • Painting
  • Sculpture
  • Science and Mathematics
  • Literature
  • Importance of politics
  • Spread of Renaissance through trade
  • Important People:
  • Michelangelo: Created amazing paintings and sculptures
  • Copernicus: Added completely new ideas to astronomy and physics
  • Shakespeare: Wrote dramatic masterpieces that are still performed
  • da Vinci: Created the Mona Lisa and described inventions that were far beyond his time
  • Vesalius: Created the whole basis about human anatomy and physiology

Age of Exploration

  • Spain's Explorations
  • Christopher Columbus: Discovered the West Indies
  • Ferdinand Magellan: Sailed around the World
  • Hernan Cortes: Destroyed the Aztec civilization and claimed Mexico
  • Francisco Pizzaro: Destroyed the Inca civilization and claimed Eastern South America Spain
  • Portugal's Explorations
  • Vasco da Gama: Sailed to India and increased European trade with it
  • Pedro Cabral: Claimed Western South America for Portugal
  • Northern Europe's Explorations
  • John Cabot (England): Found Canada and claimed it for England
  • Hudson (Netherlands): Found the Hudson river which was later settled by the Dutch
  • da Verazzano (France): Claimed Eastern North America for France
  • Impact of the Explorations
  • Death of many Native Americans
  • Inflation in Europe
  • Growth of Capitalism
  • Increase of Cottage Industries

Enlightenment

  • Many new ideas about social systems and the government were formed during this time
  • Significant People:
  • Thomas Hobbes
  • Absolute Rule, the monarch has unlimited power
  • Hobbes thought that common people needed to be kept safe from their own bad qualities
  • John Locke
  • Constitutional Monarchy, set of laws restraining monarch from doing anything they want
  • Wanted to protect the commoners natural rights
  • de Montesquieu
  • Wanted power to be equally divided amongst a Judicial, Executive, and Legislative Branch
  • Largely influenced the USA's Government
  • Voltaire
  • Wanted people to be able to express themselves and stay unique
  • Beccaria
  • Wanted criminals to have certain rights
  • These rights included the right to a trial
  • A fitting punishment
  • And the right to stay silent
  • Impact of the Enlightenment
  • The Enlightenment changed many Old World rulers ways like Catherine the Great of Russia
  • Largely influenced The USA's form of government

Renaissance to Reformation

  • Humanist ideas questioned Catholic beliefs
  • Corruption within the Church
  • Simony: selling of leadership positions
  • Indulgences: a grant by the Catholic Church that released a person from their sins
  • Paying of tax to church
  • Fees to see holy relics

SAY NO TO CORRUPTION

Medieval Europe to The Age of Exploration

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