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Analysis of Colas Report

//Goals//

To determine the concentration of phosphoric acid in a cola of unknown concentration using the application of the Beer-Lambert Law

Introduction

//Introduction//

  • Concentration can be derived from wavelength and absorbancy as C1A1=c2A2 at constant wavelength
  • This relationship can be expressed as a graph with absorbancy on the y-axis and concentration on the x-axis assuming a constant wavelength.

Wavelength, Absorbancy, and Concentration

Wavelength - the distance between tops of a wave. Change in wavelength corresponds to change in color and property of light

Absorbancy - the amount of light that is stopped by the solution

Transmittance rate - the amount of light that passes through the solution

Concentration - the amount of substance present in a solution. Expressed as moles of substance/liters of solution.

Wavelength, Absorbancy, and Concentration

Graphing Beers Law

By creating a phosphoric acid solution with a known concentration and then diluting the solution multiple times we can create a graph of various concentrations and absorbancies at constant wavelength.

Using the graph, we can derive the concentration of the unknown using the equation of the line.

Example Beer's Law Graph

Colas and Phosphoric Acid

By creating a known solution of phosphoric acid then diluting it, we can determine the concentration of phosphoric acid in a cola of unknown concentration

//Procedure//

#1

#2

#3

//Procedure//

Overview

Determine the absorbancies and max wavelength of colored solutions

Determine the absorbancies and transmittance rate of KMnO4 at standard molarity and serial dilutions

Determine the phosphoric acid concentration of Coca-Cola classic using a known phosphoric acid solution of phosphoric acid and AVM.

Determining the absorbancies of colored solutions at its maximum wavelength

  • Dispense the different colored water solutions into different clean cuvettes

  • Colored Solutions: Red, copper, golden, kelly green, teal, royal blue, violet

  • Using the Spec-20, calculate the absorbancies and transmittance at max wavelength

Determining the absorbancies of KMnO4 at a standard molarity and it's dilutions

  • Create a .00325 M KMnO4 Solution using 1 ml of KMnO4 and 99 ml of deionized water in a flask
  • Dilute the solution 5 times, creating solutions of smaller and smaller molarity each dilution
  • Dilutions: .0001625 M, .00008125 M, .000040625 M, .000020313 M
  • Test the .00325 M KMnO4 solution and it's dilutions in the Spec-20 for it's absorbancies and transmittance rates

Determine the phosphoric acid concentration of Coca-cola classic using a stock phosphoric acid solution and its serial dilutions

  • Create a .001 M phosphoric acid solution using .034 grams of potassium monophosphate and 250 ml of deionized water.

  • Combine the phosphoric acid solution with AVM solution in a 2:1 ratio.

  • 250 ml of phosphoric acid solution was combined with 125 ml of AVM.

  • Create a solution to be used as a blank by combining 25 ml of AVM with 50 ml of deionized water

  • Create new of the phosphoric acid/AVM solution by combining 5 ml of phosphoric acid/AVM solution with increasing amount of AVM to create dilutions

  • Dilutions: .0005 M, .00025 M, .000125 M, .0000625 M, .00003125 M

  • Test the Dilutions at constant wavelength. Record the absorbancies for these wavelength.

  • Create a graph of the absorbancies at the corresponding concentrations. Derive the equation for the trend line and the R^2 coefficient

Determining the Concentration of Coca Cola

Create a dilution of coca-cola classic by diluting 4 ml of coca-cola classic in 96 ml of deionized water

Create a blank of coca-cola classic by combining 5 ml AVM and 10 ml of deionized water

Test the diluted coca-cola classic in the Spec-20 for absorbancy at the constant wavelength

Use the equation of the trendline to derive the concentration of phosphoric acid in coca-cola classic

Results

//Results//

Colors:Absorbancy and Max Wavelength

Colors:Absorbancy and Max Wavelength

KMnO4 Concentration Absorbances and Transmisson at Max Wavelength

KMnO4 Concentration Absorbances and Transmisson ...

Absorbance Graph

Transmittance Graph

Absorbancies at Different Concentrations of Phosphoric Acid/AVM Solution

Absorbancies at Different Concentrations of Phosphoric Acid/AVM Solution

Constant Wavelength of 382 nm

Graph of Absorbancies at Different Concentrations

Concentration of Phosphoric Acid in Cola

Cola Absorbancy: 1.58

Concentration of Cola = (1.58 = 4652.5x + .9548) * 2

Concentration of Cola = .00027 M

Conclusion

//Conclusion//

Through the application of Beer's Law, we determined the concentration of phosphoric acid in Coca-Cola Classic using a stock solution of phosphoric acid and it's dilution. Using the data collected from the dilutions, we created a scatter plot. Using the equation of the trendline created by the scatter plot, we determined the concentration of phosphoric acid in Coca-Cola Classic

Errors

We had a lot of errors in this lab.

  • We did not perform the dilutions correctly for the phosphoric acid/AMV solutions
  • We did not perform the dilution of the Coca-Cola Classic correctly
  • We mixed up the dilutions alot
  • We diluted some solutions with deionized water when we were supposed to use AMV

Further Research

//Further Research//

Using this research, we can find the concentrations of different substances in unknown concentrations in unknown solutions for forensic science purposes and chemical/industrial purposes

Sample substances found in common solutions: cocaine, citric acid and

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