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50 Million Years Ago
During the Eocene period(50 million years ago), a dog-sized mammal named pakicetus lived in the region, which is now Pakistan. Its diet primarily consisted of fish. Because of this, it spent a large amount of time in the water, searching for food.
Ambulocetus
Basilosaurus
The Modern-Day Whale
Ambulocetus was an amphibious mammal that lived 48-47 million years ago. It had webbed feet that helped it quickly move through the water. Over many generations, its webbed feet would become flippers.
Compared to its ancestors, it's size has increased exponentially. This is because the abundance of food in its environment.
The blue whale is the biggest and heaviest animal to ever exist. According to seaworld.org, it eats up to 8,000 pounds of krill a day.
How could a small dog-like animal turn into a 300 thousand pound sea-dwelling giant? The answer is evolution and adaptation. As fish became a more viable food source, the best-suited members of the species would have a better chance of getting food and passing on their genes. For example, if a mutation gave a member of the species webbed feet, that member would have a higher chance of surviving.
In this example, a population of naturally yellow bugs has some members with a mutation. This mutation causes them to have different body colors. A bird is nearby and needs food. Let's see which bugs survive.
The bugs that blended into the environment better had a higher chance of surviving. Now most of the population has this mutation. This example shows natural selection.
Due to a drought, a population of birds cant use seeds as their primary food source. The only source of food they can find is bugs in a tree stump. Let's see which birds can get enough food to survive until they pass on their genes.
The birds with the best-suited beaks were able to reach the bugs. The birds that cant get to the bugs don't survive long enough to pass on their genes. This example is based on Charles Darwin's expedition to the Galapagos Islands.
Evolution is like a chemical reaction. It creates a domino effect that gives rise to new species. Different organisms survive, grow, and adapt to pass on their genes to the next generation. From the first self-replicating molecule on earth to the human brain, evolution is a natural phenomenon that has infinite possibilities.