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The Roman Empire’s economy was mainly based on slavery(“Silver”). Roman economic fortunes were dominated by agriculture and trade and a small portion of industry. The agriculture grown was various grains, olives, and rock. Some of the important products were olive oil and wine.

Instead of paying a tax, most farmers would donate surplus crops to the government. Egypt, Sicily and Tunisia in North Africa were very important in making and delivering grain to Rome. If the merchants failed to ship the grain or certain materials it would lead to either deportation or execution. There main industry work was mining. The things they mined were stone and metal. The metal was for their weapons and the stone was for building projects

Many of their goods were traded along the road instead of the sea.Their more expensive goods like food, precious metals, stones and building supplies were shipped by water. Trading by land was only good if the goods were going short distances or if the trade cargo was small. The Romans lived off these items. Importers were among the wealthiest citizens of the empire. Most coins such as brass, bronze, copper, silver and gold were distributed under strict rules of weights, sizes, value, and metal composition

Economy

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The people built these monuments not to show they could do what others couldn’t, they build them with purpose.

The art the Romans built were not just typical things you gaze at, they created them for more then that.

With the wide variety of patrons the Romans had they learned to increase their taste of what was unique and what was distinctive

As soon as the Roman Empire began to grow increasingly, the times of equality were over; the rich separated themselves by showing that they were different.

Art

The difference between the old Roman Empire and the new is that the people were equal before the expansion of the empire, and when the people wanted to be different they started dressing differently and buying fancier and fancier amenities.

The art of the Roman Empire was said to have stopped at the beginning of the ruling of Constantine and the reign of Christianity, and from then on started the art era of Constantinople in AD 330.

The Romans became self-conscious of their hygiene so what they started to change was bathing periodically, dressing well, grooming, and for women makeup. Jewelry was also a big fad in which the wealthy showed off.

Religion

The Romans believed that God could do more than just guide you in the right path; they believed that God could physically talk and interact with them.

The prayer of Roman's was odd because they believed God would only answer you with a sacrifice a type of animal to have their prayer answered.

(cc) photo by theaucitron on Flickr

The Romans believed in many Gods.

The Romans were Christians, but the fact that Christians only believed in one God was odd for them.

(cc) photo by theaucitron on Flickr

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The economics of the Roman Empire were not as technical as it is today.

The Romans were very serious when it came to trade of goods, because if they were to ship goods overseas and the order was messed up they would execute the person with the error.

Politics were an immense part of the Roman Empire; they were the first public to assess the Autocracy government.

The main currencies in the time period were miscellaneous good such as food and cloth. Even the taxes of farmers were goods meaning extra grain, rice, or corn when the payments are due.

The most valuable industry of all was mining

The senate was provincial membership which means that about one half of the senators were non-Roman. The following Emperor Marcus Aurelius (121-180) chose to strengthen their positions and followed Augustus’ creation “Pax Romana.” When an Emperor named Commodus came to rule he was known for his dictatorial behavior which weakened the people with disillusionment.

Augustus wanted to reshape and justify the economy with law and ordered “Pax Romana,” (Roman peace) which was nearly a two-hundred year period of peace. He preserved the Republican institution by reassembling the Senate. He removed unworthy senators who strengthened the government power from one thousand to six hundred

Introduction

From that tragedy sprouted up two great rulers named Diocletion (c.245-c.316) and Constantine (d.337) both of which increased the Authoritarianism and totalitarianism. The Romans left many legacies for future generations including Latin Literature and architecture, thus modern Western civilization has been greatly influenced

Introduction

Introduction

The Roman Empire is known as the state in the city of Rome and the vast areas under Roman rule. The emperor was known as Augustus, he was the first of the great emperors and the most influential in Rome. Stretching from Mesopotamia to the east Spain, its population was nearly an estimated sixty to one hundred million people. Preceded by the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire taught all the lessons of which the Republic educated.

Architecture

The Roman Empire is the base foundation of modern architecture to this day.

The Roman Empire

Their architecture was a mix between Etruscan’s (early Greeks) and Greeks of Roman Empire time period.

Architecture

In order for the Romans to create order they created city plans which led them to created borders and just boundaries.

High class Romans lived well; they lived with many luxuries like marble and tile

Plans have separated north from south and west from east, and this also separates wealthy and poor.

Marble was built into houses of wealthy

By.Bryant Gutierrez

Ashtin Lingenfelter

Brian Garcia

Building such creations for high class people required skilled stonecutters, and that was enormously pricey.

The materials used back then are the basics we use to this day, cement and wood and the cement was dont with care because it took a special mix. It needed the correct amount of minerals and water.

Roman buildings required architects, engineers, and stonecutters to complete the immensely technical process of creating structures.

Cement was first just a mixture of dirt but when the Romans advanced they started mixing rubble fragments and liquid to an exact measure which harden much quicker and easier.

Roman mortar is their cement creation that was much simpler to use than carving stone out because it is much easier to sculpt and shape, which gave more freedom to create intricate shape.

Romans did not create the dome, arch, and vault but their concrete helped bring out its maximum potential.

The Colosseum was a work of art of structure supported on an intertwining structure of routes, stairways, and ramps, all being able to support forty to fifty thousand people

Underneath the arena level was a maze of corridors, rooms, and cages to house prisoners and wild animals

Many of the Roman works were recorded and saved in the original Latin it was written in. Some of these works were: comedy, history, rhetoric, satire, and poetry.

The letters J and U were not present if a word had these letters it would be replaced. For example, the name JULIUS would be spelled IVLIVS, the reason why is because the letter J was replaced with the letter I and the letter U was replaced with the letter V.

The alphabet of the Romans came from the picture hieroglyphs of the ancient civilizations such as Egyptians and Sumerians. Romans added their own forms and techniques to their style. It consisted of all uppercase letters

Literature

The final well known writer was Horace. Horace was a believer that Rome was designed to be ruled by one man. Many of his poems were in the form of Odes, Epistles, and Satires

Virgil is known for being one of the greatest poets of the Augustan people. One of his early published works was a series called Georgics. His idea in these series is what life of countryman should be like. In his writing he showed his great feelings for all living things and all beauties nature held. One of his first great works was known as Aeneid.

His writing on this was so bit it took 142 scrolls to write all of it on and only 35 remain.

Under the first emperor of Rome, Augustus Caesar, Latin Literature began to reach new heights. Under his ruling famous Roman poets and authors such as Virgil and Ovid left their mark. Some of the most noticeable writers at this time were Livy, Virgil, and Horace. Livy is famous for his writing of history of the Roman Empire from the beginning to end.

Literature

Quintus Curtius Rufus wrote about the account of the deeds of Alexander the Great in about ten books

Decimus Junius uvenalis wrote sixteen Satires of Juvenal. M. Valerius Martialis has about fifteen hundred poems divided in fourteen books

P. Papinius Statius wrote Thebais in twelve parts, and Achillies in two books.

Roman literature under the Roman Empire during A.D. 14-476 had many more writers introduced. There was M. Annaeus Lucanus who wrote the epic Pharsalia, which he finished in ten books.

Literature

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