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The immigration in the U.S. came in two main waves known as Old Immigration and New Immigration. Old Immigration was between 1789 and 1880. It consisted mostly of people from western Europe like England, Germany, and France. Most people came from Germany. New Immigration was between 1881 and 1920. It consisted mostly of southern and eastern Europe like Italy, Greece, and Russia. Most people came from Italy. These people left for many reasons. Some things that pushed them out of their country are forced military service, monarchies, bad economies, and the effects of overpopulation. Some of the things that pulled them toward the U.S. are democracy, job opportunities, and lots of land that was relatively cheap.

Statue Of Liberty

In 1871, Auguste Bartholdi visits America and discusses the idea of the Statue of Liberty with President Ulysses S. Grant. Bartholdi spots an island in New York harbor and is convinced that it would make a perfect home for the statue. In 1875 Bartholdi made a series of small clay models for the statue. In 1887, an American Committee is formed by William M. Evarts and other members of the Union League Club. Its goal is to raise enough money to build Liberty's pedestal. Congress votes to accept the statue as a symbol of American Independence, French-American friendship and as a beacon for New York harbor. Emma Lazarus composes a sonnet to help raise funds for the pedestal. It is known as "The New Colossus." On July 4, 1884 Liberty is completed and officially presented to the American ambassador; it quickly becomes a major tourist attraction. In 1885, after being taken apart and packed in 214 wooden cases, the statue is shipped to New York's Bedloe's Island by the French Navy. On October 28, 1886, the pedestal is completed and the colossal statue is put back together above. Later, in 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt places Liberty under the War Department, ending her service as a lighthouse. In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the army to evacuate from Bedloe's Island. Then he transfers the whole island to the National Park Service. During World War Two, the statue's torch is extinguished. In 1956, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs into law a bill renaming Bedloe's Island , Liberty Island. On September 11, 2009, the Statue of Liberty is closed because of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. On December 20, 2001, Liberty Island reopens to visitors. On August 3, 2004, the Statue’s pedestal and museum reopen to visitors. Finally on July 4, 2009, the Statue of Liberty’s crown reopens to visitors.

Ellis Island

In 1808, Samuel Ellis's heirs, the owners of Ellis Island sold the island to New York City. Shortly before the War of 1812, a battery of 20 guns, a magazine and barracks were constructed on the island; however, in 1890, nearby residents of Jersey City, Manhattan and Brooklyn worried about explosion of the powder magazines so the battery was removed. Then, later that year, the states gave control of the island to the federal government. The federal government then expanded the island to double its original size and built an immigration station. On January 1, 1892, the immigration station officially opened. Sadly, on July 15, 1897, a fire completely destroyed the Georgia pine structures on Ellis Island. Nobody was hurt but all the records from 1885 were destroyed. On, December 17, 1900, The present Main Building opened. It was designed to process 5,000 immigrants per day. This was barely big enough for the surge in immigration that was to come. 1907 was the peak year for immigration on Ellis Island. 1,004,756 immigrants were received and the all-time daily high was on April 17th of this year when a total of 11,747 immigrants were processed. From 1917 to 1919, they Navy had control of Ellis Island. They used it to hold suspected enemy aliens and as a war base for sick and wounded soldiers during World War I and World War II. In 1921, the numbers of immigrants started coming back; however, the first immigration quota was made marking the end of mass immigration to America. In November of 1954, Ellis Island was closed and declared excess Federal property. In 1976, Ellis Island was opened to the public for visits. Later, on September 10, 1990, The Ellis Island Immigration Museum opened to the public and has received over 20 million visitors to date. Lastly, in 1998, the property was returned to the states. New Jersey was given control of the south side and New York was given control of the north side.

It is hard for immigrants to assimilate into society and it takes a long time. One very essential benchmark that shows an immigrant has assimilated into American society is that the immigrant can speak English. The immigrant can then communicate with virtually everybody in society. This can lead to the immigrant moving out of their ethnic enclave. This is another important benchmark that shows an immigrant has assimilated into American society. As long as they live in their ethnic enclave they will be discriminated by the majority of the population.

Illegal immigration has a huge effect in the United States. According to the Center for Immigration Studies, there were about 11.3 million illegal immigrants living in the U.S. by March of 2007. More than half of these illegal immigrants are from Mexico. Actually, it is fifty-seven percent. Four percent of the illegal immigrants come from El Salvador. Four percent are from Guatamala. Two percent is from the Philipines, and two percent is from Honduras. The top five states where illegal immigrants reside are, California with 11,550,000, Texas with 2,830,000, Florida with 980,000, Illinois with 550,000, and New York with 540,000. The largest influx of illegal immigrants was from 1976 to 2006. One of the major causes of this influx was the Mexican Stock Market Crash of 1976.

What kind of desserts were popular and well known in the early 1900s?

Some desserts that were popular and well known in the early 1900s are brownies and devils food cake.

What sort of foods eaten in the early 1900s are still enjoyed today?

There are many foods that were eaten in the early 1900s that are still enjoyed today. Some of these include brownies, sub sandwiches, Jell-O, Oreos, shrimp , chopped beef, and much more.

What did the less wealthy part of the population eat?

The less wealthy population ate many of these things. Some who were really poor like the immigrants ate raw potatoes and rarley ate meat.

Citizenship is when one has the rights, privileges, and duties of a citizen. One can become a citizen through the of naturalization. There are two main parts to naturalization. The first part is filling out theN-400 application. Once this is done and one passes the application the second part is to be sworn in as a U.S. citizen.

I think we should be pround of the American government because the found a good way to handle all of the immigrants flooding in at this time; however, we should be proud of the ban on chinese imigration because this was discrimination. We should not be proud of the American society. The society encouraged discrimination and predjudice against immigrants whether they were from Italy or the Philipines. There are things that we can be proud of but relating to immigration, there was a lot to be ashamed of.

Works Cited

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Immigration Project

By Victor Mendiola

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*Made in France *

New York side

New Jersy side

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