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Transcript

Immigration to the United States increased when there were famines and political conflicts in foreign countries

This Lack of Assimilation by new immigrants entering the United States led to two items we will discuss.

Nativist sentiments towards new immigrants who did not assimilate directly contributed to tense social conflicts

Here's what Nativists are saying:

  • “Immigrants will take our jobs and lower our wages, especially hurting the poor.”
  • "Immigrants bring with them their bad cultures, ideas, or other factors that will undermine and destroy our economic and political institutions."
  • "immigrants will destroy more wealth than they will create.”

A Monopoly causes a reduction in competition, this results in higher prices for consumers.

The Standard Oil Company used its economic power to influence government decisions.

Laissez-faire Economics

Successful businesses will remain, while inefficient ones will be eliminated.”

An Urban Society

1865 - 1914

Thank you!

An Age of Cities

Urban Populations Boom

Patterns of City Settlement

The Urban Poor

With limited space in cities buildings six or seven stories tall were divided into small apartments called TENEMENTS. Many tenements had no windows, heat or indoor bathrooms.

New Immigrants in a Promised Land

Urban Reforms

BUILDING CODES - set standards for construction and safety. New buildings were required to have fire escapes and decent plumbing.

Religious Organizations Help the Poor

In the late 1800s, millions of "new immigrants" came to the United States in Search of economic opportunity and freedom.

Religious groups worked to ease the problems of the poor.

The Catholic Church helped the Irish, Polish and Italian immigrants.

Protestant Ministers began preaching a new SOCIAL GOSPEL - calling for their wealthy members to do their duty as christians and help society's poor.

Interpret the graph below. What does it tell us?

“The government should not interfere with business. The market will regulate itself over time.

N.Y. Cartoon showing Cyrus Field, Jay Gould, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and Russell Sage, seated on bags of "millions", on large raft, and being carried by workers of various professions.

A reduction in competition resulted

in higher prices for consumers.

How can we interpret this chart?

What's going on?

Sherman Antitrust Act

Approved July 2, 1890, The first Federal act that outlawed monopolistic business practices.

Learning to be American

Many immigrants struggled to adjust to the American way of life. They struggled between holding on to their old traditions and the new American ways.

Acculturation is the process of holding on to the older traditions while adapting to a new culture

Nativists Oppose Immigration

Nativists sought to limit immigration and preserve the country for native-born white protestants.

As Immigration increased in the late 1800s, nativist feelings peaked.

During the late 1800’s and early 1900’s the idea concerning immigration underwent major changes.

Immigrant Neighborhoods

Why Immigrants Came

Large American Cities became patchworks of Italian, Irish, Polish, Hungarians, Greek, German, Jewish and Chinese neighborhoods.

Ellis Island - the site of the immigrant receiving site in NY harbor for those crossing the Atlantic.

Push Factors

Push Factors are conditions that drive people from their homes.

Between 1865 & 1915, more than 25 million immigrants poured into the United States

Federal legislation was passed that reduced the number of immigrants from certain nations or excluded them altogether.

Angel Island

Pull Factors

Pull Factor - conditions that attract immigrants to a new area

"Old" vs "New" Immigrants

After 1885 millions of "New Immigrants" arrived from Southern and Eastern Europe. These included Italians, Poles, Greeks, Russians and Hungarians. Few of these new immigrants spoke English and many were Catholic, Jewish or Eastern Orthodox.

Why would it be harder for this group to adapt than earlier immigrants?

Immigrant patterns changed in the late 1800s. Most earlier immigrants had been Protestants from Northern and Western Europe. English, Irish, Germans and Scandinavians became known as "Old Immigrants".

A Difficult Journey

STEERAGE were the cheapest berths aboard ships, that were airless rooms below deck.

Adapting to American Life

The newly arrived looked for work. Through friends, relatives, labor contractors and employment agencies they found jobs

Immigration was taking place during Age of Industrialization

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