Fractures / Frakture
Long bones / Lang bene
Bone cannot withstand the physical force exerted on them. / Been nie die fisiese krag wat op hulle uitgeofen word kan weestaan nie.
- Much longer than they are wider. / Baie langer as wat dit wyd is.
- Shaft, diaphysis, heads, epiphysis / Skag, diafiese, koppe, epifiese.
Short bones / Kort bene
- Cube shaped / Kubus vorming
- Songy bone except at the surface / Sponsbeen behalwe op die oppervlakte.
- Carpals & Tarsals / Karpale & Tarsale
Flat bones / Plat bene
- Thin, flattened & slightly curved / dun, plat & effe gebuig.
- Protect & Attachment of muscle / Beskerm & Heg spiere.
- Cranial bones, Sternum, ribs & Scapula / Kranium, sternum , ribs & Skapula.
Irregular bones / Onreelmatige bene
Spongy bone / Sponsagtige been
- Bones that do not fit in any other group. / Bene wat nie in een van die ander groepe pas nie.
- Vertebrae & Hip bone / Werwels & heup been.
- Lighter in weight / Ligter
- Trabeculae plates / Trabekula plate
- Plates are in lines of stress / In stress lyne gerangskik.
- Form red & white blood cells / Vorm rooi & witbloedselle
Why is it important?
- Lines many joints / Voer gewrigte uit
- Shock absorbers / Skok absorbeerders
- Flexible structures / Buigbare strukture
Cartilage / Kraakbeen
Isolated areas in the body.
3 types:
- Hyaline / Hialien
- Elastic / Elastiese
- Fiborous / Veselagtige
Basic components:
- Chondrocytes / Kondrosiete
- Matrix - Collagen & elastic fibres / Matriks - Kollageen & elastiese vesels.
- Tissue fluid / Weefsel vloeistof
Disadvantages / Nadele:
- Limit mobility / Beperk mobiliteit.
- Limit growth / Beperk groei.
How does the Cuttlefish do?
Exoskeletons / Eksoskelette.
Compact bone / Kompakte been
Tortoises, corals & molluscs. / Skilpaaie, koraal en weekdiere.
Advantages:
- Support & Protect / Ondersteun & Beskerm.
- Muscles / Spiere
- Joints / Gewrigte
- Cuticle / Kutikula
- Surface of bones & Shafts of limb bones / Opp van bene en op die skag van bene in die ledemate.
- Very hard & dense / Baie hard en dig.
- Harversian systems / Haverse kanale
- Strenght & support / Ondersteuning & krag
Hydrostatic skeleton / Hidrostatiese skelet
How do they move? / Hoe beweeg hulle?
Soft-bodies invertebrates / Sagte ligaam ongewerweldes.
Disadvantages / Nadele:
- Lack defence mechanism / Geen verdedigingsmeganisme nie.
- Restricted movement / Beperkte beweging
- Confide to areas near or in water / Moet naby areas bly met water.
- No great size / Nie baie groot word nie.
Supporting systems & Movement in animals / Ondersteuningstelsels & beweging in diere.
Different types of skeletons / Verskillende soorte skelette.
- Hydrostatic / Hidrostaties
- Exoskeleton / Eksoskelet
- Endoskeleton / Endoskelet
Tissues that make up an endoskeleton / Weefsel waaruit die endoskelet bestaan.
Cartilage / Kraakbeen
Bone / Been
Compact Bone / Kompakte been
Spongy bone / Sponsagtige been
Endoskeletons / Endoskelette
LA 1!
All vertebrates / Alle gewerweldes.
Advantages / Voordele:
- Support & shape / Ondersteun en gee vorm
- Living tissue that can grow/ lewende weefsel wat kan groei.
- Protection / Beskerming
- Anchors for muscles / Heg spiere.