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Western nations wanted to end Japan's isolation, believing that the expansion of trade on a global basis would benefit all nations.

The first foreign power to succeed with Japan was the United States.

In the summer of 1853 President Millard Fillmore sent Commodore Matthew Perry to Edo Bay (now Tokyo Bay), to ask the Japanese for better treatment to shipwrecked sailors on the Japanese Islands (foreign sailors shipwrecked in Japan were treated as criminals and exhibited in public cages).

War

Japan responds to foreign pressure

After signing the treaty, Japan opened two ports of Western Trading.

Western ideas and technology influenced Japanese culture.

Japan built up its military and began expanding its territory.

The Meiji leaders realized the need for universal education. A new ministry of education was established in 1871. This was adopted from the American models of elementary, secondary, and university schooling. This brought many foreign specialists to teach and it sent students to learn abroad.

In 1904, Japan launched a surprise attack on the Russian naval base at Port Arthur, which Russia had taken from China in 1898. The Russian troops proved to be inferior.

Due to military pressure, Japan agreed to the Treaty of Kanagawa with the United States. The treaty provided for the return of shipwrecked sailors and opened two ports to Western traders.

Meiji Restoration

Quiz!

Young Emperor Mutsuhito called his reign the Meiji, which means Enlightened Rule. Leaders embarked on a policy of reform, transforming Japan into a modern industrial nation. This period of time was called the Meiji Restoration.

Beginnings of Expansion

When Matthew Perry arrived in Edo Bay in 1854 the Japanese had never seen steam powered ships before or ships that carried such large guns. The Japanese soon began to advance their military. The Japanese began their territorial expansion close to home. In 1874 Japan took control over the Ryukyu islands that belonged to the Chinese Empire. Two years later, Japan's navy forced Korea to open up ports to Japanese trade.

The Rise of Modern Japan

The Meiji Restoration and Japanese Imperialism

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