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The Pediatric Integumentary System
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The Pediatric Integumentary System
Basic Anatomy
The skin has three layers:
-The epidermis
Most superficial layer
Certain areas are much thicker than others (i.e. scalp, soles of feet)
-The dermis
Contains sweat and oil glands, nerve endings, blood vessels, and hair follicles
-The subcutaneous tissue
Largely composed of fat, body's insulator and energy reservoir
Functioning
The skin's primary function is to serve as a barrier between the outside world and the human body. Areas that are no covered by the skin are lined with mucus membranes. Generally, mucus membranes are moist, and skin is dry.
Trauma
Burns
-Modified rule of nines
-1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burn classification are the same as for adults.
Child Abuse
-Contact burns
-Bruises
-Multiple injuries in different stages of healing
Pediatric changes in the skin
Skin is thinner with less subcutaneous fat than an adult. This makes the pediatric population more prone to hypothermic events.
Infants younger than six months lack the ability to shiver, and newborns less than one month old are the most susceptible to hypothermia.
However, newborns should not be over warmed, as this can worsen their neurological outputs.
Lastly, the head of newborns should always be covered. 50% of heat loss can occur through an exposed head due to its disproportionate size in relation to the rest of the body.
Medical conditions
-Thrush
-Diaper rash
-Foot hand mouth disease
-Impetigo
-Measles
-Chicken pox
-Fifth disease
-Prickly heat
-Acne