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Discuss this picture. What do you see?

https://charlierose.com/videos/5170

Thoughts on this?

Back in Europe

1500s- Spain controls W. Europe indirectly.

Charles V (grandson of Catholic monarchs) height of power. United most W. Europe through marriage

Protestant Reformation

Inquisition

Late 1500s German, Dutch, and English Kingdoms (Protestants) vs. Spanish holds (Catholics)

Result= "New World" largely autonomous.

How do you like your potatoes?

Iberian Exploration

Ottomans

Rise of the

Ottomans II

NF

Please answers these questions

1) In 1453, who was the leader of the Ottomans? Emperor of New Roman Empire?

2) Outside of Turks and Romans (Byzantines) what other peoples were involved in the siege.

3) What special weapons did the Ottomans use?

4) Explain the defenses of the Romans.

15th Century Islamic strength lessening in Europe but rising in the Ottoman Empire.

Reconquista

Portuguese- Sailors/Tech

Spain unifying /strengthening.

  • Fall of Christian Rome "Constantinople" in 1453. (Even though in Greece)
  • Constantinople was one of the most important trading posts/cities in the known world.
  • Walls of Constantinople made the city virtually impenetrable for centuries.
  • In 1453, the Ottomans had an empire that spanned from Baghdad to Budapest.
  • Ottomans reason Columbus sailed in 1492

Catholicism abstractly part of Spanish/Portuguese nationality and identity. (Religion + Nationality + Government were not mutually exclusive.)

Prince Henry the Navigator 1394-1460 CE

Portuguese ------>African west coast

Arab Merchants----> Establish themselves along Eastern African coast

Spanish Territory

Portuguese Territory

Aztec (Mexica) Empire

Caribbean Discovery

  • Settlers died. Constant danger.
  • Disease killed most native Americans.
  • Countless Uprisings. Organized/Disorganized
  • Caciques- Hatuey
  • De Las Casas...
  • Centralized Govt
  • Tenochtitlan- BIG Capital (Largest in the Americas)
  • Rich
  • Controlled vast areas
  • Polytheistic religion- easy transfer into Catholicism
  • Last leader of Mexica Empire - Moctezuma
  • Many tribes in the Mexico- All had to pay tribute to the Aztecs.

  • Columbus Hispanola in 1492.
  • Taino, Caribe (Arawak)-
  • Cannibal
  • Forced labor unsuccessful
  • Horrible debacle

What is the oldest European city in

the U.S.A? Talk with your partner. Agree on one then write on board.

Hernan Cortez

  • Understood new world conquest.
  • Relied on failure of Car conquests as guide.
  • Not the first to attempt conquest.
  • Needed different approach
  • Tlaxcalan contingents
  • Tenochtitlan fell to him in 1521
  • Thanks mostly to A) smallpox b) Unification of anti-Aztec tribes.
  • Encomienda system--> Conversion

Spanish

Portuguese

Francisco Pizzaro

Still looking for ways to

Asia.

  • Things to keep in mind about the conquests

Abstractly, there is still human sacrifice today, even in the U.S. How? Turn to another partner and discuss this.

Columbus died never knowing that he discovered new continents.

De Gama- 1498.

Magellan- 1522. Died en route.

Spain- Money and power

Portugal- Technology and knowhow

Treaty of Tordesillas- 1494- Bisected globe (Spain and Portugal)

  • "Black Legend"
  • Not a genocide
  • There were many Spanish conquests not just the Mexica and the Incans.
  • There were MANY Conquistadors not just Spanish.
  • Juan Garrido
  • Spanish conqueror of the Incan empire in S. American.
  • Used Cortes's model of conquest.
  • Infiltrated and conquered Incan empire in 1532.
  • Atahualpa

Guns, Germs and Steel

1) Which animals did the Incans domesticate?

2) What was the strongest weapons used on the Incans by the Europeans?

3) What was the last straw for the Spanish in terms of the

conquest?

4) Why did disease kill so many natives and not many Europeans?

Iberian Impulse &

The Ottoman Empire