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10.9.3 Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan
125
Transcript
Standard 10.9.3
The Truman Doctrine & The Marshall Plan
Vocabulary:
EUROPE AFTER WORLD WAR II:
THE MARSHALL PLAN:
THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE:
ISOLATIONISM
CONTAINMENT
COMMUNISM
MARSHALL PLAN
TRUMAN DOCTRINE
Isolationism
Why?
Why does this matter to the U.S.?
Effects:
$13 billion in aid to 16 countries between 1947 and 1952
- USA feared the return of the depression conditions of the 1930s.
- It needed strong markets for food and manufactured goods.
- After World War II, Western Europe was in chaos. Factories had been destroyed.
- Poverty and unemployment rates were high.
- Harsh winter weather in 1946–1947 damaged crops, cut off water transportation, and caused a fuel shortage
- Secretary of State George Marshall proposed a plan to aid any countries in Europe rebuilding from the destruction of World War II.
- It required European countries to cooperate to develop a common plan for recovery.
- The Soviet Union refused to participate.
- To prevent the spread of communism (USSR)
- Promote democracy
- By mid 1950’s, Western Europe were our allies (the took the cash)
- The Marshall Plan helped the United States maintain a strong economy and world economic leadership.
- Communism was less appealing to European voters when democracy resulted in good economic conditions.
- Before World War II, the United States mostly followed a policy of isolationism— avoiding political or economic ties to other countries. But the Cold War brought a new U.S. foreign policy known as containment—acting to contain the spread of communism.
- Under the Truman Doctrine (1947), a policy named for then president Harry Truman, the United States offered foreign aid to any country threatened by communist expansion.
Containment
Isolationism
The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan were proof that the United States considered communism a grave threat. They became a foundation of U.S. foreign policy.
- 1946–1949: Chinese Civil War U.S. economic aid helps nationalists fight communists.
- 1950–1953: Korean War U.S. troops help South Korea fight communist North Korea.
- 1957–1973: Vietnam War U.S. troops and economic aid help South Vietnam fight communist North Vietnam.
The United States also supported a number of non-communist leaders in Latin America and Africa—even if those leaders were cruel and unjust, such as the following dictators:
- 1952–1959: Cuba, Fulgencio Batista
- 1965–1991: Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Mobutu Sese Seko
- 1973–1990: Chile, Augusto Pinochet
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