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The Sulfer Cycle
Important steps of the sulfur cycle
In the Ocean
Marine algae releases dimethyl sulfide to help condense water droplets
Inorganic & Organic reservoirs for the element Sulfer
- Mineralization of organic sulfur to the inorganic form, hydrogen sulfide: (H25)
- Oxidation of sulfide and elemental sulfur (s) and related compounds to sulfate: (SO42-)
- Reduction of sulfate to sulfide
- Microbial immobilization of the sulfur compounds and subsequent incorporation into the organic form of sulfur
Sulfides
Found in the Atmosphere(hydrogen sulfide) and also found in sediments
Released by decaying organisms, runoff and human pollution
Gaseous sulfur compounds like hydrogen sulfide or sulfur dioxide are rare and if they occur, they cause damage.One example is a volcano erupting.
The Sulfer Cycle
Pathway of Movement continued......
In contrast to phosphorus, sulfur is both oxidized and reduced by microbial processes.
Pathway of Movement
Sulfates
Only plants can use sulfates
Found in Soil & water (then transferred to food chain)
Released by: Sea Spray, forest fires and storms(deserts rich in calcium sulfate
It is also taken in by plants providing them important nutrients.
Consumption by humans through coal and fossil fuel mining
Sulfur in Humans and the Atmosphere
Atmosphere
Minor part of the atmosphere but the movement of sulfur to and from the atmosphere is substantial.
Extremely reactive but doesn't stay in the atmosphere for very long
Humans and other living organisms
Major component of proteins
- some bacteria metabolize sulfur for sustenance
- plants absorb sulfate to create proteins
Humans and animals consume those proteins when they eat the plants