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Anglo-Powhatan Wars

Lessons Learned

Jessica Rose 4th period

It established that all the Indian rulers were equal, with the proviso that the "Queen of Pomunky" was now owed the ancient subjection of several scattered groups of Indians.

WAR 3! 1644

Opechancanough mounts a terrifying attack, designed to move the colonists from the Powhatan land, killing 500 colonists. 1644 Opechancanough does not follow-up the attack which allows the colonists to prepare for the third of the Powhatan Wars. Chief Opechancanough refused to admit defeat or sign a Peace treaty. He was shot in the back by an English guard whilst in captivity. With his death the power of the Powhatan Confederacy came to an end as did the Powhatan Wars in 1646.

The Treaty Map

The Red line shows boundary between the Virginia Colony and the

Powhatan Indian tribes, as established by the Treaty of 1646

WAR 2! 1622

This war was started by the Powhatans. They didn't want the English to plant crops. So they would prevent them from doing so. The Chief fired a major attack, killing 347out of 1200 men. This came known as the Indian Massacre. In revenge the English start to kill a lot of Indians in return. September 30, 1632: A final peace was made ending the Second of the Powhatan Wars. The Indians were effectively banished from the Chesapeake following this stage of the Powhatan Wars

WAR! 1st 1610

http://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/the-indian-wars/powhatan-wars.htm

December - Captain John Smith was captured by a Powhatan hunting party and taken before Chief Powhatan. The daughter of Chief Powhatan, Pocahontas (Indian name Matoaka) saves the life of John Smith. De la Warr orders a force of 40 men, led by George Percy, to conduct an attack against the Paspahegh and Chickahominy. This ends in the massacre of women and children. Though in 1614 John Rolfe Pocahontas marries. July 15, 1610: De la Warr sends Powhatan an ultimatum: peace or all out war

Captain John Smith

Key Figures

Opechancanough

The English had:

  • Captain John Smith
  • Captain Samuel Argall - Captured Powhatan's daughter Pocahontas
  • Captain John Martin

The Indians had:

  • Opechancanough
  • Patawomeck
  • Wahunsenacawh (Chief Powhatan

Wahunsenacawh (Chief Powhatan)

Briefing / Overview

Events / Years

1st War:1610, and ended in a peace settlement in 1614.

2nd War: Lasted from 1622 to 1626

3rd War: lasted from 1644 until 1646, and ended when Opechancanough was captured and killed.

This situation would last until 1677 and the Treaty of Middle Plantation, which established Indian reservations following Bacon's Rebellion.

These 3 wars were each between The English settlers of the Virginia Colony, and Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy.

-First War: 1610, and ended in a peace settlement in 1614.

-Second War: 1622-1626

-Third War: 1644-1646

Strategic Overview

The English had more people come in from England. With these reinforcements, the colonists began to wage a more aggressive war against their Indian neighbors. For the next four years the English would use their newly acquired skills from battling the Irish to engage in a series of brutal attacks against the Indians who they saw as dangerous servants of the devil, under the banner of Jesus Christ.

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