Type 2 Diabetes - Web of Causation

Family History

• Risk of type 2 diabetes increases significantly if your biological parent or sibling has a history of type 2 Diabetes
• If a parent has type 2 diabetes, the risk of his/her child getting type 2 diabetes is 1 in 7 if the diagnosis was before age 50
• Some people who has immunological insulin resistance are genetically predisposed to type 2 diabetes.
• Having family members who are obese could also increase the chance of you being obese which is one of the risk factors to type 2 diabetes
• Access to early screening and preventative care is fundamental

Race/Ethnicity

• It's unclear why certain races are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than others.
• According to Kent County;
• White people account for 6.8%,
• Black/African Americans account for 9.9%, while
• Hispanics account for 10.7%

of people with Type 2 Diabetes

• Lack of, or poor access to affordable healthcare and poor nutrition contribute towards developing type 2 diabetes in Hispanics and Black/African Americans.

Gender

• Men are more diagnosed than women
• In Kent County, 51% of people w/Type 2 Diabetes are Male, while 49% are female
• However, women are at risk of getting gestation diabetes which if poorly controlled can lead to type 2 diabetes
• Uncontrolled gestation diabetes also puts a child at risk for obesity and later in life at risk for developing type 2 diabetes
• Early screening and follow-up before, during and after pregnancy

Genetics

Education

• A proper diet is crucial.
• Lack of knowledge of the foods that help reduce the risk of T2D.
• Carbs/Sugar/Good&Bad Fat
• Cooking & Food Preparation
• Cooking classes:
• Home Economics in School

Fresh Start Healthy Cooking.

Obesity

Age

• Risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45. Why?
• People tend to exercise less, lose muscle mass and gain weight as they age
• Type 2 diabetes is also increasing dramatically among children, adolescent and young adults
• In fact, people younger than 65 years account for 25.6 million or 11.3% in U.S.
• Regular exercise such as walking for at least 30 minutes, 5 days in week could help maintain healthy weight as you age.

• 10 % of the West Michigan population has diabetes.
• Primary causation factor
• Being overweight increases the chances of developing type 2 diabetes seven fold.

Time Management

• Busy lifestyles
• Both parents working, working more than one job
• Leads to Not cooking at home
• Which leads to fast food/take out
• Cheap, easy, unhealthy, over consumption in calories

Nutrition

Diet

• 1.50 more per day to eat healthy foods per person. $550 per/year
• Access to Healthy Food - Food Deserts.

Web of Causation

Medical Care

• Affordability
• Access to insurance
• Screenings: Most free programs include blood glucose screenings.
• Approx. $10,000+ per/year for those with diabetes.

Type II Diabetes

Early Nutrition

Socio-Economic Status

• School Lunches
• Kids are overweight
• Under regulation of sugar
• Large selection, including fast food.
• Scratch cooking
• Grand Rapids School System given $2.93 per meal by the USDA. actual food cost after overhead= 50-60 cents/ meal.

- It effects the way your body metabolizes glucose the body's main fuel source.

-Body resists effects of insulin or does not produce enough.

-8th leading cause of death in Kent County. (CDC)

-7th Leading cause of preventable hospitalizations.

- 1 in 3 Americans born after 2000 will develop T2D by 18 years. (CDC)

Neighborhood

• Household Income/Geography
• Concentrations of poor/low income population.
• Mixed Income Housing
• Business Diversity

Diet / Food

• Meal Prep/ Portions
• Types of food

Culture

Wellness Programs

• YMCA -Diabetes Prevention Program.
• PA - 150 min. per/week
• Reduce 7% Body weight
• School Programs
• Healthy U.
• Nutrition in Action

Activity

• Lifestyle
• Mexico

Physical Activity

Family

• Size
• Stay at home parent
• Poverty

Lifestyle

• Internet Culture - World at your finger tips.
• Video Games/TV Time - Child Physical Activity

Community Planning

• Good Infrastructure
• Walkability
• Bikeability
• Example -East GR