The Dutch Maritime Empire

how was state-building affected? (Nationalism, revolts, revolutions, political structure)

development of economic systems. be sure to include the newly established trading-post empires (east india co.s) and regional and trans-regional trade

North America: they had found the Hudson which was plentiful in fur-bearing animals. Created the Dutch West India Company and gathered riches from the Spanish.

Netherlands: Nationalism was strong in this area, as the empire was expanding broadly.

The Netherlands: West East India Co. sponsored family settlements in present day Manhatten; new economic activity in production of food, timber, tobacco and slaves

North America: Native Americans commited some revolts, but after the English took over from the Dutch Nationalism became strong in north america.

Suriname (Guiana): plantation production decreased because paying higher wages reduced profits.

Sri Lanka: burghers were introduced in the area, mot were servants of the dutch east company.

Suriname (guiana): A new political structure was created, called the society of Suriname which was composed of three equal shareholders; city of Amsterdam, the family Van Aerssen van Sommelsdijck, and the Dutch West India Company.:

The Moluccas: Dutch East India Co. excluded Portuguese in trading with the islands. Cloves was most important product of trade. Dutch discover way to sail across Indian Ocean from Africa and makes a small settlement by Table Mountain. Plantation systems and colonial governments on these islands shaped the sugar plantations in the new world.

The Moluccas: imperialism allowed the spices to be grow in places other than the spice islands.:

Deshima: the Dutch made a factory in Deshima and a Dutch ship docks once a year. Some goods were secretly sold which allowed for signifcant extra income. Imported Chinese raw silk, silk fabric, sugar, scented wood, pepper, shark skin and medicine but the main product was silver. Trade was conducted by Nagaski accounting office.

Brazil: increased interest in the past showed nationalistic frameworks, reviving old reputations of leaders.

deshima: The presence of religious missionaries and the Dutch's lack of other european ideals gave way to larger nationalism of Japan.

how did the development and interaction of the cultures change or stay the same? (religion, art, architecture, science, or technology?

Brazil: freeburghers and traders economic pillar of colony, sugar industry expanded with support from the Dutch East India Co.

Cape Town: At first native's had regular revolts against the Dutch. Trekkers had created new laws, specifaiclly on how to handle africans.

Timeline

Cape Town: founded as a refreshment outpost intended to supply VOC ships going to Asia with fresh fruits, vegetables, and meat. The VOC expanded Dutch influence by expanding trade routes and establishing trading posts.

Sri Lanka: Burghers worked for the Dutch east India company, had the privilege to own shops and trade.

Dutch colony in North America: Dutch setttlers focused on fur trade instead of agriculture. The Dutch gave up their trading monoply which allowed businessmen to invest leading to new economic activity in the production of food, timber, tobacco, and slaves. The influence of Dutch architecture and culture is still evident even today.

1664: established New Netherland in North America in what is now New York

1624: made first permanent settlement at Albany called Fort Orange

1652: Jan van Riebeeck settles in Cape Town

1602: founded Dutch

East India Company

1619: established capital at Batavia

Suriname (Guiana): sugar became the main crop, and coffee, cacao, cotton, indigo and wood were introduced. Slave labor was so popular they became the main part of the population.

The Netherlands: stable families began to replace single adventurers, Dutch influence in architecture still evident, bitter tension between European settlers and Native Americans

The Moluccas: made the people loyal to them; Christianity important;

Deshima: Japan gave the Dutch silver and gold, but also porcelain which was very famous in Europe at the time. Japanese scholars learned the dutch language. Knowledge of Japan were spread around Europe as biology and botany were introduced and explained more to Japan.

1628: captured Spanish fleet off Cuba --> vast profits

1621: founded Dutch West India Company

Sri Lanka: Dutch made communities of Burghers which simply meant a citizen. Burghers adopted English,; had the right to free trade; could marry a native women if she was Catholic; developed into two communities, Dutch and Portuguese burghers; and emigration was more common. These communities maintained heterogeneous cultural traditions however as well as the importance of Catholicism.

1609: established Bank of Amsterdam & were freed by 12 year truce with Spain

1657: In Cape Town Riebeeck gives land to farm to men who are called free burghers and introduces the use of slaves

1674: New Netherland ends and the territory is surrrendered to the English and named New York

Cape Town: built a school to teach Dutch and Christianity, a hospital was built, introduced slavery, Jan van Riebeeck gave land to independent men who came to be called free burghers. Dutch setllers called Boers were Calvinists and lived by the Bible. KhoiKhoi lifestyle of pastoralism changed.

Brazil: large Jewish community; increased interest in the past; used native groups as military allies to gain more colonial control; biographies popular form of writing; printing and art was important

Who was in power prior to the empire's arrival?

Before the Dutch became a huge economic and political power, Hapsburg Spain was in control of them and ruled over Dutch provinces.

Dutch colony in North America: land was orignally home to Native Americans and English colonists controlled land nearby in Virgina

The Netherlands: known as the New Netherland, it was previously considered a province and was controlled by Peter II (Spain). The Dutch gained a 24 year trading monoply in the Americas and Africa and were granted provincial status which helped them gain control of New Netherland.

The Moluccas: originally controlled by the Sultanate of Ternate and the kingdom of Tidore before the Portuguese arrived and took over. The Dutch came to rule here after they attacked the fortress of Tidore and conquered it on May 19, 1605.

Suriname (Guiana): inhabited by semi-nomadic Armenian tribes and was divided by the Spanish (Venezuela) , Portuguese (Brazil), French, Dutch (Suriname) and British. The Dutch had to fight to gain control of Suriname from the other European powers who were already ruling there.

how was the environment affected after the empire's arrival?

Sri Lanka: Before the Dutch had made an appearance, Sri Lanka was co-piloted by Portugal and Sinhala Kingdom.

Deshima: the Portuguese first had control after taking it from the Japanese. The Dutch made a trading post here in 1641 which gave them a strong trading connection with Japan.

Cape Town: land inhabited by the Khoikhoi people. The English were the first to attempt to settle it but the Dutch were the first to succeed.

Social Structure

Brazil: At the time, Brazil had been influenced by Portugal.

North Americas: Due to wars, european diseases, and enslavement, the native american population decreased.

Netherlands: Due to the geographic aspect, the sea was an important part that was used to their benefit, like trade and products.

-merchants were heavily valued

-colony administrators and wealthy farmers controlled land and resources

-In Brazil, people divided into those employed by WIC (soldiers, buearcrats, etc.) called dienaaren and the rest called vrijburghers

-In most colonies, slaves were mistreated along with the native peoples

-In Japan however, the Dutch didn't have enough influence to control its social structure because they were only allowed to trade in a small area which kept their influence from spreading

Suriname (guiana): After the dutch arrived, new plantations were created so space was made for the export of those goods.

Moluccas: The dutch eradicated all clove trees n all except two spice islands -Amboina/Ternate- to limit production and kept prices high.

Deshima: Stone warehouses were constructed in the area to help with the income of the trade.

Sri Lanka: The sea coast was used effectively to the Dutch's benefit and sea ports were created along mines for cinnamon demand.

Cape Town: Forts and farms with independent farmers called free burghers dotted Cape Town.

Brazil: More sugar plantations were added to the environment that were run by slaves.

Sources

http://www.flowofhistory.com/units/west/14/FC93

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The Dutch Maritime Empire

by Tabitha Guinan & Sarah Pimental