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Crude oil is an unrefined petroleum product made up of hydrocarbon deposits. The main hydrocarbons in crude oil include, Aromatics, Alkenes, Paraffins and Cycloalkenes. In the petroleum engineering industry it is formed/refined into products such as gasoline, liquified petroleum gas, heating oil, kerosene and diesel fuel.
References:
Fractional Distillation is the main form of separation technique used in the crude oil pertroleum industry.
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Vesa-Sidevis, S. Advantages and disadvantages of energy sources [Internet]. Marietta (Georgia): homepages.spa.umn.edu; [cited 2015 Apr 30]. Available from http://homepages.spa.umn.edu/~larry/ADVANTAGE_DIS_ENERGY.pdf
Unknown. Fractional Distillation [video on the internet]. 2008 April 15 [cited 2015 April 30]. Available from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26AN1LfbUP
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Fractional distillation is the process of separating mixtures into fractions of closer related properties. During the process compounds that are more volatile will vaporise first separating them from compounds that are less volatile.
Chemical engineers use separation techniques as a method for separating mixtures (liquids) into singular compounds. There are many different types of separation techniques but for the purpose of this presentation I will be focusing on crude oil separation techniques used in the petroleum industry.
Fractional Distillation Method
The mixture is heated in the distilling flask.
Then it moves into the fractioning column
Molecules with lower boiling points will vaporise first separating them from molecules with higher boiling points
This removes unwanted molecules/compounds purifying the crude oil.
By Georgina Ayton
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