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The Immune System
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Pathogens
Pathogens are anything that causes a disease.
The Immune System
The Body's Third Line Of Defense
If a pathogen infection is severe enough to cause a fever it triggers the body's disease fighting system. the cells of the immune system can distinguish between different kinds of
pathogens. The immune system
cells react to each kind
of pathogen w/a defense
targeted specifically
to that pathogen.
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are the white blood cells that distinguish between different kinds of pathogens
There are two major kinds:
T cells-identifies pathogens and distinguishes one kind of pathogen from another.
B cells-produce proteins called antibodies that help destroy pathogens
Barriers That Keep Pathogens Out
The Body's First Line Of Defense
-Skin-when pathogens land on the skin, they are exposed to destructive chemicals in oil and sweat
-Breathing Passages-pathogens enter your body when you inhale. The nose, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi contain mucus and cilia. The mucus and cilia remove most of the pathogens that enter when you inhale
-Mouth and Stomach - Some pathogens are found in foods, even when the food was handled safely. The saliva in your mouth contain destructive chemicals and your stomach produces acid.
AIDS
The Inflammatory Response
-Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
-A disease caused by a virus that attacks the immune system
-HIV: the virus that causes AIDS
-The only kind of virus known to attack the immune system
-Spread through body fluids
-Ex: blood, etc
-You cannot get AIDS by hugging or touching an infected person
The Body's Second Line Of Defense
-When body cells are damaged they
release chemicals that trigger the inflammatory response. This is the second line of defense. Fluid and white blood cells leak from blood vessels into nearby tissues. The white blood cells then fight the pathogens.
-During the inflammatory response blood vessels widen in the area affected by the pathogens.
-In some cases chemicals produced during the inflammatory response can cause a fever.