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Which organisms

have cell walls?

What do the prefixes hyper-, hypo-, and iso- mean?

iso - equal

hyper - higher

hypo - lower

  • hypertonic (“above strength”).
  • hypotonic (“below strength”).
  • isotonic (”same strength”)

Active Transport

Osmosis

Molecule to be carried

Endocytosis is the process of taking material into the cell.

  • Two examples of endocytosis are:
  • phagocytosis
  • pinocytosis

Exocytosis is the process where materials are forced out of the cell.

Sometimes cells move materials against a concentration difference, the opposite of diffusion.

This process is known as active transport.

Active transport requires energy.

Glucose molecules

Facilitated Diffusion

Protein channel

Osmosis

7-3

Osmotic Pressure 

Osmosis exerts a pressure known as osmotic pressure on the hypertonic side of a selectively permeable membrane.

7-3

The process by which molecules diffuse across a membrane through protein channels is called

  • active transport.
  • endocytosis.
  • facilitated diffusion.
  • osmosis.

Cell Boundaries

The movement of materials in a cell against a concentration difference is called

  • facilitated diffusion.
  • active transport.
  • osmosis.
  • diffusion.

7-3

Because diffusion depends upon random particle movements, substances diffuse across membranes without requiring the cell to use energy

If a substance is more highly concentrated outside the cell than inside the cell and the substance can move through the cell membrane, the substance will

  • move by diffusion from inside the cell to outside.
  • remain in high concentration outside the cell.
  • move by diffusion from outside to inside the cell.
  • cause water to enter the cell by osmosis.

7-3

The concentration of a solution is defined as the

  • volume of solute in a given mass of solution.
  • mass of solute in a given volume of solution.
  • mass of solution in a given volume of solute.
  • volume of solution in a given mass of solute.

Osmosis

Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

Solution in equilibrium

Area of

Low

Concentration

Area of

High

Concentration

Diffusion Through Cell Boundaries

Diffusion  

Particles in a solution tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.

More particles

Less particles

Diffusion Through Cell Boundaries

A solution is a mixture of two or more substances

The substances dissolved in the solution are called solutes.

The concentration of a solution is the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass of solute/volume.

sugar

coffee

with sugar

(water fearing)

(water loving )

Cell Walls

Cell walls are found in plants, algae, fungi, and many prokaryotes.

Cytoplasmic Streaming

The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection of the cell

cell wall

Cell Walls

What is the main function of the cell wall?

Cell Membrane

The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support.

7-3 Cell Boundaries

Plants, Algae, Fungi & many Prokaryotic Cells have a cell wall

All cells are surrounded by a thin, flexible barrier known as the cell membrane.

Many cells also produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane known as a cell wall.

Cell Wall

7-3 Cell Boundaries

END OF SECTION

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