Element Project: Helium

Element Project: Helium

By: Sophie Paige Cunningham// Gr.9

Medical Applications:

There are also uses for helium in the world of medicine. Helium can be used for breathing observations, it is needed when treating asthma and other breathing impairments and conditions.

Last Step

4. Distributing- After completing the whole process, the helium as either a gas (normal temperature) or liquid (cold temperatures) is transported and distributed.

www.useof.net/uses-of-helium.html

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Welding and Magnet Production:

https://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Helium.html

Chris Cavette 2017

Another usage for helium is to cool down super conduction magnets. Helium can also be used for protection, many welding companies rely on it for these two reasons. Helium also helps with the development of titanium, zirconium, germanium, and silicon.

Third step

3. Purifying- Once finished, crude helium is cleaned during a process in which many operations happen depending how pure the helium needs to be and what is needed for the final product.

Second Step

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Chris Cavette 2017

2. Separating- After, natural gas components have to be taken away during fractional distillation. This part can also be named nitrogen rejection as it is supposed to take out extra nitrogen from the natural gas.

Chemical Properties of Helium:

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Physical Properties of the Element:

Common Uses of Helium:

As the least reacting element of the periodic table helium does not react with anything. It cannot react with any other elements or ions. Helium is an inert element. Most elements react with things because there outer shell is not full, because helium’s outer shell is full it cannot react with anything.

Color: Helium is a colorless element when in its gas form. When burnt with fire it burns a blue neon color and if placed in a high-voltage electric field it gives off a red-orange glow.

Odor: Helium is an odorless element.

Thermal Conductivity: 0.1513 Wm-1k-1

Velocity of Sound: 970m s-1

Taste: Helium is a tasteless element.

Texture: Helium does not have a texture as it is a gaseous substance.

Weight: Helium is extremely light, it is lighter than air. To weigh 5 pounds you would have 11 cubic meters of helium making a 3m long balloon.

https://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Helium.html

Chris Cavette 2017

https://libretexts.org

1. Banks, A. (1989) Helium. Journal of Chemical Eductaion 66 (11) : 945

2. Draggan,S. (2008). Helium

http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/he.ht

1998-2017 Lenntech

The gas helium is used for many things as it is lighter than air it is used as light weight aircraft fuel and can be combined with hydrogen in air balloons. Scuba divers also use helium for when they are diving. Many people also enjoy using Helium to make their voices higher, just a little bit of helium and your voice will instantly be a few octaves higher even if it only lasts about a minute.

Steps of extracting helium:

Basic Element Information

Solid and Liquid Stages:

Discovery of the element:

For Helium to attain any kind of solid state it has to be solidified by a temperature increase, unlike other elements who turn solid by a decrease in temperature.

1. Pretreating - These methods use really cool cryogenic section during the extraction, things that might solidify such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, have to be taken from the process to prevent plugging the pipes.

The first evidence of helium documented was in 1868 on August 18th by a French Astronomer named Jules Janssen. He found it while in India when he was observing a solar eclipse through a prism. Janssen noticed a neon yellow spectral line ( at 587.49 nanometers) emanating from the chromosphere of the sun. That same year except on Oct.20th, an English astronomer named Norman Lockyer saw the same yellow line and came to the conclusion that it was an unknown element in the sun. He named it the D3 Fraunhofer line. Later on Lockyer and Edward Frankland decided to name this element Helios, coming from the Greek word sun.

https://libretexts.org

1. Banks, A. (1989) Helium. Journal of Chemical Eductaion 66 (11) : 945

2. Draggan,S. (2008). Helium

https://www.universetoday.com/53563/who-discovered-helium/

Written: 14 March by Matt Williams

Element Name : Helium

Symbol: He

Atomic Number: 2

Relative Atomic Mass: 4.0026

Boiling Point: -268.928˚C, -452.07 ˚F, 4.222K

Melting Point: Unknown

Density: 0.000164

Natural State: Helium is a chemical element, it is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and it is unreactive. It is found in a gas state.

Electron Configuration: Is2

https://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Helium.html

Chris Cavette 2017

www.useof.net/uses-of-helium.html

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Other:

Extraction and processing of the element:

Liquid States

Helium can also be used as rocket fuel, helium neon-lasers, used for protection during germanium crystal and silicon creation, and one of the most common usages is barcode reading.

As for its liquid phases, Helium has two liquid phases ( He4l and He4ll ).

He41 is formed only when the temperature drops to under 4.22k and higher than the lambda point of 2.1768k. He41 is a clear liquid that will boil if it is heated, this liquid will contrast if the temperature lowers.

Helium is created by radioactive decay of elements that are heavy (uranium and thorium) underground. Radiation from these elements have alpha particles, which make the nuclei of helium atoms. Parts of this helium enters into the atmosphere, where it then goes into space. The other part of this element becomes stuck under the impermeable layer of rocks and mixes with the natural gases that form there. But producing helium is costly and there isn’t a lot of helium in the air.

http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/2/helium

Royal Society of Chemistry 2017

https://libretexts.org

1. Banks, A. (1989) Helium. Journal of Chemical Eductaion 66 (11) : 945

2. Draggan,S. (2008). Helium

https://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Helium.html

Chris Cavette 2017

www.useof.net/uses-of-helium.html

2017 all rights reserved

Classification of Element:

Helium is the first in the noble gases group in the periodic table. It is classified as a nonmetal and it has the lowest boiling point.

Where does this element come from?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/helium

Accessible helium is mainly stored in Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas where there are many helium deposits and wells. Most of the helium on earth is because of radioactive decay. 78% of the world’s supply of helium comes from the United States of America, the other part of the supply comes from Russia, the Middle East, and North Africa. There is also a large sum of Helium in space, the majority of it is in the stars and the interstellar medium.

Second Liquid State

If the temperature changes to 2.174k Helium1 will change into Helium 11. This new substance can be described as a superfluid. This “superfluid” is the best heat conductor known, even conducting heat 300x better than silver. Helium ll flows with zero viscosity.

https://www.chemicool.com/elements/helium.html

http://universetoday.com/75719/where-is-helium-found/

Fraser Cain 2017

https://libretexts.org

1. Banks, A. (1989) Helium. Journal of Chemical Eductaion 66 (11) : 945

2. Draggan,S. (2008). Helium