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Jean Ortal & Jz Lorenzo
interest, repayment , collateral and recourse
thankfulness, gratefulness, or appreciation
Recomended as an additional reference in the field of filipino psychology and in other related fields
2. "Utang na loob" gratitude is a highly valued in the Philippine society. A filipino should at all times be aware of his obligation to those from whom he recieves favors and should repay them in acceptable manner
services and monetary favors are different types of favors that may bring about utang na loob to the target population. Unsolicited manner of recieving or giving of favors are preferred over solicited ones.
"utang na loob"
1. A woman taking care of her mother because she wants to return the favor
2. Kid studied and worked hard to show appreciation of his mothers sacrifices for him
Reciprocity has developed in order to keep interpersonal relationships "smooth"
Every service recieved whether solicited or not demands a return determined by the relative status involved
To filipino's Reciprocity could be two things:
1. Contractual - whereby two or more persons enter into a contract regarding the the performance of something. This could be either a written or an oral contract
Gratitude
is a feeling or attitude in acknowledgment of a benefit that one has received or will receive
Debt
A debt is an obligation owed by one party (the debtor) to a second party, the creditor; usually this refers to assets granted by the creditor to the debtor, but the term can also be used metaphorically to cover moral obligations and other
To look back to and contemplate on the wonderful deeds other people have showned them
To listen to the inner voice by helping uncondionally
To the think on God who is the fountain of all the favors one recieves in life
Kaut (1961) "Debt of gratitude"
Andres (1994) "Principle of Reciprocity"
Hollnsteiner (1961) recipient of the favor is "forced to show gratitude properly by returning the favor with interest"
Enriquez (1977) Element of wanting to Promote reciprocity
A Filipino who is a recipient of a favor shows his gratitude by returning the favor with interest to be sure that he does not remain in othere persons debt and he would feel "shamed" or "napahiya"
Ang utang na loob napakaliit man utang at utang din kahit mabayaran"
Reciprocity
a situation or relationship in which two people or groups agree to do something similar for each other, to allow each other to have the same rights, etc. : a reciprocal arrangement or relationship
Utang na Loob is a beautiful element of filipino interpersonal relationships that binds a person to his or her home community or home country
is a calling heard by many filipinos who go to other lands but still remains strong ties with their homeland