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Wovoka and the Ghost Dance
Wovoka and The Ghost dance
By Polimana Joshevama
American Indian Religious Freedom Act
Wovoka
- meant to protect the religious freedom of Native Americans
- endorsed by President Jimmy Carter
- finally addresses us as humans and Americans
- protects us from future American governments desecrating our sacred grounds and lets us keep our religion and way of life without having to exploit it to the public
- Son of Tavibo
- Paiute spiritual leader
- Had a vision of the ghost dance
- around January 1st, 1889
Questions?
Rules Governing the Court of Indian Offenses
Ghost Dance
"…there is no good reason why an Indian should be permitted to indulge in practices which are alike repugnant to common decency and morality; and the preservation of good order on the reservations demands that some active measures should be taken to discourage and, if possible, put a stop to the demoralizing influence of heathenish rites." -Hiram Price (but the thought process of most Americans)
- Suggested by U.S. Interior Secretary Henry M. Teller and carried out by Commissioner of Indian Affairs Hiram Price
- was a simple round dance practiced by most tribes
- The Ghost Shirt
- The direct instructions are carried verbally
- All of the exact things were not supposed be shown or heard by "no white man"
How the U.S. Government Dealt with us
The Impact on Tribes
- Scared most U.S. government officials
- Decided we were definitely heathens and should be treated as such
- enacted the "Rules Governing the Court of Indian Offenses"
- Later created the American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIFRA) to redact the above
“The great underlying principle of the Ghost dance doctrine is that the time will come when the whole Indian race, living and dead, will be reunited upon a regenerated earth, to live a life of aboriginal happiness, forever free from death, disease, and misery.”
The amount of tribes brought together by the Ghost Dance was previously unheard of.
photo credit Nasa / Goddard Space Flight Center / Reto Stöckli